Bobcats and other carnivores can remove over 95% of chronic wasting disease - or CWD - prions from infected meat, according to early findings by Wyoming Game and Fish and researchers at the University of Wyoming.

CWD has spread rapidly across the state - putting deer, elk, and moose populations at risk.

Wyoming Game and Fish Wildlife Veterinarian Samantha Allen said bobcats and other carnivores could be a natural ally in the fight to contain CWD prions.

"It just might be another way to stop some of the transmission, and take some of the CWD off the landscape," said Allen. "Which is really important, and we have a really tough time doing that right now."

While some have warned that carnivores and scavengers help spread CWD prions across landscapes, Allen said that's not exactly what her team is seeing.

Researchers found that just 2% of prions remained in bobcat scat after being fed CWD infected materials. The next day, just 1% remains, and on the third day zero prions remain.

These results are similar to a 2021 study of mountain lions, according to a Wyofile report.

Prions are proteins that can't be destroyed like bacteria or a virus. They remain infectious on the land and can even end up in plants that animals eat.

Allen said the science is mixed on whether chronic wasting disease can be transmitted to people, but advises hunters not to eat contaminated meat.

"My recommendation is to get your animals tested, and to not consume CWD positive material" said Allen. "Because we don't want to push this kind of prion disease to change in a way that it does become more likely that we get infected with CWD."

The challenges of stopping the spread of chronic wasting disease, fatal in all cases except in some moose, are multi-faceted.

Wyoming's winter elk feeding grounds are widely seen as potential super-spreaders. But Allen said if the research is confirmed, carnivores could play an important role in clean up.

"It's not going to be one thing that is going to fix or alter the trajectory of CWD prevalence or even management in some of these populations," said Allen. "It's going to be a lot of different things working together."




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Nature walks, festivals and more are happening this weekend to celebrate the 19th annual Endangered Species Day, which is tomorrow.

California is home to more than 300 threatened and endangered species, with more federally protected animals than any other state.

Susan Holmes, executive director of the Endangered Species Coalition, acknowledged the many challenges faced by advocates.

"There is a lot of work to do," Holmes said. "But there are some extraordinary people doing it. And we just want to get folks to get out in nature and recommit to protecting endangered species in your communities, and also around the country."

Programs this week include a butterfly festival in San Francisco and a celebration at the Audubon Nature Center in Los Angeles.

Efforts to protect endangered species are often highly successful. For example, California had no endangered gray wolves in the wild as of 2010, and now has six wolf packs with at least 45 animals.

Holmes noted a partnership with the Yurok Tribe has led to a rebound in the California condor population.

"The California condor was just 22 birds brought into a captive breeding program," Holmes recounted. "Now you've got 300 condors flying in the wild when they were completely gone in the wild not so long ago."

Some of the biggest threats to endangered species include effects on food sources due to climate change, and loss of habitat due to development.


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Ahead of Endangered Species Day this Friday, conservation groups in North Carolina are celebrating the birth of eight red wolf pups at the Alligator River National Wildlife Refuge.

Red wolves, once a dominant presence across the Southeastern United States, are now teetering on the brink of extinction, with only 30 confirmed adults living in the wild.

Heather Clarkson, Southeast program outreach representative for Defenders of Wildlife, explained ongoing efforts to revive the population have been met with both hardships and victories.

"We've got a couple of hundred in facilities under human care around the United States," Clarkson noted. "Those wolves that are under human care are a critical part of the recovery program, because they are used to supplement wild populations and wild genetics."

Recovery efforts also include reintroducing red wolves into the wild. According to Clarkson, despite the risks posed by guns and highways, there have been wild wolf litters born in North Carolina for the past three years.

The wild wolf population has ranged from more than 150 animals to as few as 10, within a decade. Clarkson emphasized without the Endangered Species Act, the wolves would not be thriving today.

The red wolf is the only wolf native to the eastern U.S., and once roamed freely from New York to Florida, and even Texas. As the fight continues against extinction, Clarkson stressed the need to expand their current habitats beyond Eastern North Carolina. She argued identifying new release areas is crucial, along with advocacy to push for species expansion and survival.

"A large part of the recovery effort has just been working to re-educate citizens and teach them how to alongside these large carnivores, and accept the understanding that these animals have a place on the landscape," Clarkson stressed. "They have a really critical function in our ecosystems; they keep our wild areas healthy."

Clarkson added safeguarding red wolves is a collective responsibility, with action needed from both state and federal officials. The current red wolf population in captivity stands at 257, with ongoing research to understand their ancestry in the wild.

Groups that fight to recover endangered species are praising the California Fish and Game Commission's decision to change the Mojave Desert tortoise from threatened to endangered under state law.

One study estimates the normally long-lived species has declined quickly in recent years, losing around 155,000 adult animals from 2004 to 2014.

Jeff Aardahl, senior representative for Defenders of Wildlife in California, predicts the official state reptile is on a fast track to extinction.

"There are so few left that tortoises are going to start experiencing very difficult situations in trying to find mates," Aardahl said. "And because of that, the trend is going to keep going down until ultimately, there's no longer any tortoises left."

The biggest threats are development, military base expansion and training, livestock grazing and off-highway vehicle use. Wildlife managers have recorded dozens of animals crushed by OHVs in recent years, especially in critical habitat from Ridgecrest down to Barstow, north up to Fort Irwin and east to the state line.

California draws 2 million off-road vehicle enthusiasts each year.

Aardahl pointed out that a coalition of groups, including Defenders of Wildlife, sued in 2021 to force the Bureau of Land Management to redo its management plan and better protect the Mojave Desert Tortoise.

"There should be some closures during the spring period when most tortoises are above-ground foraging and mating," he stressed. "And then, greatly reducing the miles of routes that intersect with critical habitat."

Land managers fenced off one especially sensitive area around 1980. Since then, the Mojave Desert tortoise population there rose to be six times higher than neighboring areas that are used for off-roading.