Arizona has a unique relationship with water and a proposed rule by the Environmental Protection Agency could further complicate it.

It was only two years ago the Supreme Court narrowed the definition of which waters would receive federal protection.

Elise Ketcham, communications director for the Arizona Wildlife Federation, explained the court determined only wetlands physically connected to other federally-recognized waters would qualify. Now in an effort to remove what he calls "unfair burdens" on farmers and landowners, EPA administrator Lee Zeldin said he is looking to roll back further protections.

Ketcham argued the proposal would not only jeopardize the state's water quality but disproportionately impact the state's ephemeral streams.

"In Arizona, in state law, we do have protections in place for intermittent, but ephemeral streams we don't," Ketcham explained. "There is that danger if we've lost federal protections for those types of water streams. In Arizona, now we have no federal, no state protections for ephemeral."

Ketcham stressed it is a big deal because most of Arizona's streams are ephemeral, meaning they only run after rainfall or snowmelt. While the state does have its own set of water policy, she contended federal regulation serves as a useful baseline for all states. This week listening sessions are being held for government agencies and Native tribes. Experts fear reducing "red tape" for industry could lead to more pollution and debris in waterways.

Ketcham noted Arizona's seasonal streams provide about 85% of the water flow into the Gila River, which is a tributary of the Colorado River. For the Salt River and Lake Mead, the figure is about 75%.

"Lake Mead is a little bit more important for providing drinking water for Arizonans," Ketcham emphasized. "The Salt River and the Gila River, both of those alone, support a ton of our native wildlife species - which in Arizona, we have over 800 native wildlife species."

Ketcham recognizes water policy is complicated but encouraged voters to learn more about decisions that could affect them. She added the proposed rule puts a lot at stake, not only for wildlife but for Arizonans.

"Whether they are going out and fishing and the stream isn't being protected anymore that they have fished in for years, or if it is going to affect their drinking water," Ketcham outlined.


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"Don't go into the water" is a warning Illinoisans may want to heed. A 2024 study released this week found all state-border beaches on Lake Michigan last year had evidence of contamination.

Findings from the Safe in Swimming report indicate these conditions could cause serious gastrointestinal and respiratory ailments. The data show bacteria levels were well above the EPA's "Beach Action Value" water quality standards. These guidelines help determine advisories and closures.

Emily Kowalski, outreach and engagement manager for the Environment Illinois Research and Education Center, explained the odds of exposure.

"One hundred percent of those beaches had potentially unsafe levels of fecal indicator bacteria at least one day in 2024, meaning that swimmers were potentially at risk," she said.

A water sample exceeding acceptable BAV standards increases the chances of a higher illness rate among swimmers. The study shows 71% of Great Lakes beaches had at least one potentially unsafe test day. Three beaches in Cook County had the highest degrees of dirty water - Winnetka Lloyd Park had the highest at 21. Glencoe Park and Montrose beaches had 14 days each.

The study identified runoff from paved streets and parking lots, and overflow from outdated, bacteria-encrusted sewage systems as harmful contributors. Livestock waste from concentrated animal feeding operations, or CAFOs, is another source.

Human contact with water tainted by manure could cause an E. coli infection. Kowalski suggested the environment could be one solution to interrupt the pathogen flow.

"Investing in nature-based solutions, green infrastructure, but also the repair needed in aging sewage systems nationally," she continued.

An estimated 57 million Americans experience nausea, diarrhea, ear and eye infections, and skin rashes after swimming in polluted waters. Kowalski adds the EPA estimates a price tag of $630 billion over 20 years will be needed to address sewage runoff and other wastewater problems nationwide.

Illinoisans can check the status of their favorite beach at Chicago Park District Beaches website.

Following last year's historic drought in Montana and hot temperatures early this spring, the Blackfoot River is running at roughly 25% of normal water levels.

Water rights have shifted some this year but experts said management will continue to be community-driven.

Clancy Jandreau, Blackfoot water steward for the nonprofit group Blackfoot Challenge, said the river's fish population declined in the late 1980s and early 90s, but there has also been a long history of restoration efforts. The new Blackfoot Drought Response Plan, updated in April, helps build on those efforts, Jandreau noted.

"We really wanted to more explicitly recognize that habitat restoration efforts that improve fisheries can in and of itself be a response to drought, as it builds resilient fisheries," Jandreau explained.

The new plan also incorporates deferred changes from the 2015 Montana Water Rights Compact, in which the Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes and Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks became co-owners of a water right historically associated with hydropower production.

During a dry summer like this one, Jandreau pointed out the drought plan encourages a "shared sacrifice for shared benefit" model, in which irrigators, anglers and other water users voluntarily reduce their effects on the resource.

"Everybody's going to be seeking the refuge of the river over this summer," Jandreau added. "That includes humans and wildlife. So just doing their best to be aware of that and being responsible and ethical recreators this summer out there on the river."


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Because of drought and failing infrastructure, the state of Texas will run out of water by 2030, according to the Texas Water Development Board.

But two new pieces of legislation are on the books that are designed to address the state's water shortage.

Senate Bill 7 and House Joint Resolution 7 would allocate $20 billion for infrastructure improvements and new projects.

Agriculture Commissioner Sid Miller said he's been trying to get lawmakers to address the state's water crisis for 10 years.

"We completely lost our sugar cane industry because - no water," said Miller. "We've brought it to light that Mexico is not paying their water bill with our treaty on the Rio Grande, so that was brought to light. We've got a drought over half the state of Texas."

An increase in population has also contributed to the state's water woes.

JR 7 would authorize the state to use $1 billion a year from sales tax revenue for the water projects. The resolution must be approved by voters in November.

If the amendment is approved, the projects and funds will be overseen by the Texas Water Development Board. Miller said in the meantime, the state needs to do a better job at managing the water it has.

"We spend millions and millions of dollars on stormwater drainage, getting rid of excess water when it rains," said Miller. "We need to capture that water and use it. We need to capture the water out of these water treatment plants. I'm not advocating that we drink it but, my farmers sure would like to irrigate with it."

Miller said the state can also benefit from rainwater harvesting. He added that up to 70% of the state's water is lost, as it's transported to various municipalities because of old, worn-out infrastructure.




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