Dementia, a disease with profound effects on families, loved ones and caregivers, affects more than 55 million people globally, including 6 million in the U.S.
New research shows people can reduce their risks by making even small changes in their daily routines, for example, through exercise and eating more vegetables.
Sarah Lock, senior vice president for policy at AARP, said there are also important steps policymakers can take to make it easier for people to maintain healthy behaviors.
"When we do that, we can disrupt dementia," Lock asserted. "That's a really exciting possibility, given that so many of us -- as our nation is aging -- are facing that risk."
Dementia is the third-largest cause of death in the nation for people age 70 and older, and two-thirds of Americans have at least one major potential risk factor. People who smoke five cigarettes per day have a 16% higher dementia risk than nonsmokers. People with prediabetes face a 25% increased risk, which rises to 50% with full-blown diabetes. Prolonged exposure to air pollution is also a major dementia risk factor.
Other risk factors include alcohol use, depression, high body mass index, hearing loss, hypertension, low education, physical inactivity, social isolation and traumatic brain injury. Lock pointed out policies to reduce these risks can vary by state. For example, in Colorado, physical inactivity may not be as big of a
problem as in other states, but hearing loss is relatively high.
"We can suggest to policymakers that they focus on ways to help people screen and correct for hearing loss," Lock noted. "In Colorado, that might be a wiser use of public dollars, to go after the problem that seems to be biggest in your state."
Lock added the goal of the research is to offer people pathways to better brain health and to give older Americans more quality time with their loved ones. The findings were released by the new Dementia Risk Reduction Project, a collaboration between AARP, the Alzheimer's Disease Data Initiative and the University of Washington.
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The city of La Crosse is hoping a new online design library of Accessory Dwelling Units will help inspire residents to build one.
The units have been touted as a possible solution to housing shortages. After the city was awarded nearly $20,000 last year through AARP Wisconsin's Community Challenge, it asked residents to submit designs to show the community what is possible in their own backyards.
Lewis Coleman, environmental and sustainability planner for the city of La Crosse, said the secondary housing units can be attached to, or separate from, the main house.
"The top three ADU designs that we picked were based on affordability, accessibility, and sustainability," Coleman outlined. "We wanted to make sure that these were residences that were in reach from a cost perspective."
The three finalists were selected from 26 submissions and were each awarded $3,000. Coleman pointed out what is left of the grant money will potentially be used to make the winning concepts into ready-to-build plans.
The city faces a potential landlock because of the Mississippi River, steep slopes and adjacent jurisdictions. In addition to seeing Accessory Dwelling Units as a way to increase homes, Coleman noted they can offer financial support for homeowners who rent them out. They can also provide multigenerational housing for parents of children with disabilities or children who want to live near their aging parents.
Coleman acknowledged there are some downfalls, especially in light of rising construction costs.
"In some cases, it could cost as much as a house, as a full size house," Coleman emphasized. "That's still a challenge. And one of the things we're looking at is working with our local lenders to put together financial packages that could make it easier for homeowners to add this to their backyard."
Other past AARP grant-supported projects in Wisconsin include dementia-friendly parks, medicinal plant gardens, senior and veteran home programs and rural community enhancements. The nationwide initiative serves to support improvements that meet long-standing and emerging challenges in communities.
Wisconsin residents can submit an application for this year's AARP Community Challenge until March 5.
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Valentine's Day is this Friday and AARP Arizona wants to caution Arizonans to be careful with who they are talking to online.
The National Retail Federation estimated more than 50% of consumers will spend more than $27 billion on the holiday.
Dawn Alexander, communications analyst for AARP Arizona, does not want people to fall victim to "romance scams." She explained the scams start online through social media or dating apps. Scammers often target people who have gone through some sort of hardship and are in search of companionship.
"The problem is that once you engage with them, then it is going to move really, really fast," Alexander pointed out. "The red flags are you never want to give money to people, they're going to tell you that they're in the states and that they need help, they're going to tell you how much they want to be with you and how much they love you. They won't stop until you're able to give them money."
Alexander acknowledged many times, people feel embarrassed and shameful once they realize they have fallen victim to a romance scam. But she added it is important to report incidents to local authorities, because if it goes unreported, law enforcement officers and policymakers will not know it is a problem. She advised if you're in doubt about a situation give the free AARP Fraud Watch Network a call at 877-908-3360.
Alexander considers technology a blessing and a curse. She noted while the internet, social media and now artificial intelligence have all facilitated connecting with others, there are bad actors out there taking advantage of it.
"These scammers are reaching out to people and using it to a disadvantage on people and really taking advantage of their weaknesses," Alexander emphasized.
It is also tax season, and people have started to receive fraudulent text messages claiming they are eligible for a $1,400 stimulus check. Alexander said the text messages normally include a link that looks like the IRS website but clicking on it could put your personal and financial information at risk.
"You know your instinct is curiosity," Alexander observed. "Curiosity killed the cat, you want to know what that said, but if you don't know who that is, don't open those. Because if you click on that link you're going to become very susceptible to a scam."
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Advocates for family caregivers are expecting federal lawmakers to propose a tax credit for the group, after President Donald Trump said on the campaign trail that he'd support one.
Wyoming caregivers can learn more at a webinar on Wednesday.
Wyoming's 58,000 caregivers in 2023 provided 54 million hours of unpaid family care, according to AARP Wyoming.
State Director Sam Shumway said the group has been working to get a form of financial help to caregivers for years.
"As they're struggling to hold down a job, take care of families and be a caregiver," said Shumway, "there may be some financial reprieve for them in the form of this Credit for Caring Act."
The 2024 Credit for Caring Act, which died in committee, would have given caregivers tax credits of up to $5,000 for 30 percent of the cost of long-term care expenses exceeding $2,000.
Shumway said he expects that a 2025 version will be introduced soon.
Details and registration for the February 12 webinar are available on the AARP Wyoming Facebook page.
According to AARP, caregivers on average spend more than $7,200 per year on expenses related to that care.
Shumway said he was "encouraged" by Trump's show of support and is optimistic that Wyoming's all-Republican delegation will follow suit.
"We feel like that right now we have a window of opportunity to work with our congressional delegation, particularly here in Wyoming," said Shumway, "to help them understand the importance of this for Wyomingites."
Unpaid Wyoming caregivers provided about $910 million in economic value in 2023, according to AARP Wyoming.
Disclosure: AARP Wyoming contributes to our fund for reporting on Civic Engagement, Consumer Issues, Health Issues, Senior Issues. If you would like to help support news in the public interest,
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