Minnesota officials have launched a new online tool detailing how the state is being affected by federal cuts.
Public health workers keeping an eye on things such as foodborne illnesses have said they're losing staff members who monitor those threats.
Roughly 200 state workers marched near the State Capitol on Thursday, highlighting the fallout from the downsizing of federal agencies and spending by the Trump administration.
Minnesota Department of Health senior epidemiologist Amy Saupe said she's received a layoff notice. She pointed to several recent examples of dedicated public health officials like herself tracking emerging outbreaks that put the public at risk.
"If you remember things like the big Listeria outbreak due to deli meat last year, Boar's Head deli meat, or things like all the norovirus illnesses and outbreaks we had last winter," she said, "that's what I do at the Minnesota Department of Health."
At Thursday's demonstration, Saupe said she wasn't speaking on behalf of the department, but noted the agency relies heavily on federal funding. According to the new dashboard, Minnesota has lost nearly $300 million in grants.
Federal Health and Human Services officials have said recent actions not only save money, but make the organization more responsive to Americans' concerns, such as chronic diseases.
Legal challenges are still playing out over some of the funding cuts. Saupe observed those court battles and outcries are in the spotlight - which is what public health workers often try to avoid when carrying out their mission.
"And the big thing about that work is so often, when we do it right and we're doing our jobs well, we're really invisible," she said. "People don't know that we're here because we're working so hard to prevent people from getting sick."
Earlier this month, the state Health Department sent layoff notices to 170 people whose positions were funded by recently terminated federal grants. Nationally, analysts have said if Congress follows through with possible steep cuts to Medicaid and food assistance, more than one million jobs would be lost nationwide in health care, food-related industries and other sectors.
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In Colorado, 83 workers were killed on the job in 2023, according to the AFL-CIO's latest "Death on the Job" report.
The report comes after the Trump administration eliminated the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, the nation's only worker safety research agency. The agency worked with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to protect workers from asbestos, lead, black lung and more.
Jason Wardrip, business manager for the Colorado Building and Construction Trades Council, said OSHA regulations have saved more than 700,000 lives.
"These things are written in blood," Wardrip stressed. "Every regulation in OSHA is because somebody has been injured or perished. Because this has happened -- somewhere, somehow -- in the world."
Nationally, more than 5,200 workers were killed on the job and more than 135,000 died from work-related diseases in 2023.
Colorado's relationship with organized labor, which has historically advocated for worker safety over profits, has been mixed. Lawmakers strengthened child labor protections in 2023 but Gov. Jared Polis plans to veto a measure which would remove barriers blocking workers from joining a union.
Workers of color continue to be most at risk of injury or death. Latino workers are 26% more likely to die on the job. In 2023, 659 Black workers died, up from 653 two years earlier.
Shane Wittstruck, communications specialist for the Colorado AFL-CIO, said OSHA is not well-funded enough to protect those workers.
"It would take 185 years to inspect every single workplace once," Wittstruck pointed out. "Right now their current budget only amounts to less than $4 to protect each worker."
Wardrip is especially displeased that cuts to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health were made by billionaire Elon Musk.
"Somebody that has never had to work with their hands, ever, has decided to start stripping hardworking people's ability to stay safe, and have regulations governing their safety on the job site," Wardrip asserted. "That's really gross."
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Solving North Dakota's child-care crisis is taking another turn, with adoption of a new tax credit.
The incentive is geared for employers who make contributions toward their employee's child-care costs.
Gov. Kelly Armstrong has signed a bill that allows employers to claim a tax credit of 50%, for child-care stipends they might offer as part of a benefits package.
Bill supporters say it might convince more businesses to meet the needs of staff members with young kids.
Bill Bauman, CEO of the Missouri Valley Family YMCA in Bismarck, said he hopes it'll be effective in removing stress on the child-care system by keeping parents in the workforce.
"It's so vital to our economy," said Bauman, "our community, our workforce and our families."
The YMCAs are collectively the largest provider of child-care services in North Dakota, and Bauman said they've seen progress in closing gaps based on 2023 investments from the state.
Other organizations such as the Chamber of Commerce agree that previous steps have helped.
But officials note some solutions have limitations, pointing to age and income eligibility levels under the Working Parents Child Care Relief Program.
Bauman credited policymakers for continuing to monitor how these efforts are playing out, and whether they need to try something new.
He suggested it's going to take additional time to measure the effectiveness of new programs and incentives.
"Some are highly utilized and others maybe not as utilized," said Bauman, "so you have to be able to adjust."
According to a 2024 North Dakota business survey from the Chamber of Commerce, 69% of respondents indicated that child care was an issue for their organization.
A similar percentage indicated support for this type of incentive to help recruit and retain workers.
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Thousands are expected to rally in Harrisburg on Monday for a "Raise the Wage and Immigrant Rights Day of Action."
More than 47,000 Pennsylvania workers earn the minimum wage of $7.25 an hour or less.
Jarrett Smith, legislative director for the Service Employees International Union, said Pennsylvania hasn't raised its minimum wage in more than 15 years, while more than 30 other states and Washington, D.C., have all moved toward $15 an hour.
Smith said this makes it harder for the state to stay competitive.
"We are demanding that we raise the wage in Pennsylvania to $15 an hour," he said, and "that we include a cost-of-living adjustment so that we don't have to keep coming back, year after year."
Smith said the coalition Pennsylvania Stands Up is leading the protest, backed by labor and community groups and some lawmakers.
Two years ago, the House passed a bill to raise the state minimum wage to $15 by 2026, but the Senate hasn't acted. Smith said Gov. Josh Shapiro has pointed out it could bring in up to $60 million a year in tax revenue.
Smith said it's key to distinguish low-wage from minimum-wage workers. Nearly 1.2 million Pennsylvanians earn wages less than $15 an hour, and many are single moms. He added that these workers often support families, pushing the state to cover gaps with programs such as SNAP and Medicaid.
"When we talk about how do we actually lift workers out of poverty," he said, "one of the things that you can do is raise that floor and give families the financial independence to actually earn a wage that's going to allow them to not have to make decisions between paying a grocery bill or getting health care."
Smith noted that Pennsylvania is losing workers to neighboring states with higher minimum wages, making it hard to keep a strong workforce.
"We are one of the fastest-shrinking states in the Northeast," he said. "New Jersey, across the border, they have a $15 minimum wage to start, and they're already increasing it for certain workforces, like health care and education."
He added that SEIU represents around 80,000 service workers in the state, across industries such as government, health care and food service. The union is also negotiating its first national Starbucks contract.
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