PHOENIX – Both the U.S. House and Senate are back to work, and the Farm Bill is tops on their to do list.

The last five-year Farm Bill expired in September, and although the House and Senate have passed new bills, they have yet to be reconciled.

Arizona Farm Bureau President Kevin Rogers says one of the biggest challenges facing farmers is the uncertainly of the Federal Crop Insurance program.

He says the political gridlock is delaying planting and financing decisions for major crops such as cotton.

"As we look at the world price and we look at (a) worst-case scenario, if China starts dumping cotton on the market, is there going to be any kind of a safety net to help keep that industry in business?” he questions. “If we don't know what that is, chances are acres are going to drastically reduce."

Rogers adds Congress needs to finish the Farm Bill within the next couple of weeks to avoid economic disruption, but he believes they are, in his words, very close to getting this thing done.

Agriculture contributes $12 billion a year to the Arizona economy.

One point of contention is how much to cut from the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program or SNAP, also known as Food Stamps.

The Senate approved $4 billion in SNAP cuts, while the House wants a $39 billion cut over 10 years.

Rogers says state and local governments and agencies need to know what kind of funding to expect for SNAP, as well as the school breakfast and lunch programs.

"That part of the Farm Bill delay keeps all of our food banks and those people who disseminate those dollars to the public, in those food boxes and things like that,” he says. “It keeps them all in limbo, because they're not sure what kind of resources they're going to have to move forward with."

There are reports that a potential compromise could trim $8 billion from SNAP within a decade.

Rogers says failure to pass a new Farm Bill will also lead to food price instability, especially for dairy products.

The milk price support system would revert back to the original law from the 1930s, which Rogers describes as Draconian.

"It would force the government to step in and buy milk off the market at a very inflated price,” he explains. “You know, technology today has allowed us to produce so much more for less money, but if they don't get this thing done, the government would be forced to buy product, and the price would jump very drastically."

Rogers says the public has been through enough stress with the economy over the past few years, and doesn't need to see major swings in food prices that would result from the lack of a new Farm Bill.





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The long-delayed Farm Bill could benefit Virginia farmers by renewing funding for climate-smart investments, but it's been held up for months in Congress.

Some lawmakers want this bill to expand funding for such programs as the Environmental Quality Incentives Program, or EQIP, which gives financial and technical help to farmers and ranchers to make conservation a priority. About $250 million was allocated for the program, but more than 9,000 applications were submitted, bringing it to $475 million.

Gabrielle Walton, federal campaign associate with the Chesapeake Climate Action Network, said these programs' popularity proves their necessity.

"This money allows them not only to practice more efficiently - and to preserve the environment that they love so much and they're so attached to - but it also saves them money that they can devote to other concerns," she said, "and provides them stability for their pocketbooks going forward."

One issue with the new Farm Bill is a proposed increase in so-called "reference pricing," which critics have said only benefits large farming operations and would come at the expense of more widely used social and climate-smart programs.

Walton said she thinks political divisiveness and competing priorities have held up the new Farm Bill.

The previous Farm Bill was extended to this September, but lawmakers have said they aim to have a bill ready by Memorial Day. Along with climate-smart investments, the Farm Bill also funds social safety-net programs.

Geoff Horsfield, a policy director at the Environmental Working Group, said people don't always know how helpful nutrition programs are to families.

"There's a misconception that things like SNAP only benefit urban communities," he said, "and we just know that that's not true - that folks in all counties rely on nutrition assistance programs, some of these social programs, to be able to make ends meet."

SNAP and other nutrition programs received 75% of funding in the 2018 Farm Bill. More than 876,000 Virginians use SNAP and EBT benefits, since food insecurity has been a longstanding issue in the state.

Today, groups working with lower-income families in Connecticut are raising awareness about the state's "benefits cliff" with a day of action.

The benefits cliff is when a person might get a raise, have a kid with a part-time job, or some other income increase which then makes them ineligible for certain benefits. The changes can have severe impacts on communities and disproportionately affect families with children.

Stephen Monroe Tomczak, professor of social work at Southern Connecticut State University, said it is part of a larger workforce problem.

"People, particularly people of low income, are in a sense disincentivized to participate in the labor force and denied adequate jobs and income when they try to do that," Tomczak explained.

Several General Assembly budget bills could have dealt with the issue but most failed, which inspired today's action, a mock funeral procession to the governor's office to eulogize the bills, including the refundable Child Tax Credit, a housing voucher funding boost bill, and a bill eliminating the asset limit on the HUSKY C medical insurance program.

Social service advocates know the bills will resurface in next year's budget process.

Rose Ferraro, program lead of health justice policy advocacy for the Universal Health Care Foundation of Connecticut, said people are taking alternate steps like going to food banks or avoiding medical care to cover lost benefits.

"Folks will lose their rental assistance and then, they will sort of have to make some tough decisions," Ferraro noted. "'Do I put food on my table or do I make sure to pay rent?' And, so it becomes a sort of untenable position."

Ferraro added interwoven state and federal funding makes it hard to reach the core of the issues leading to benefits cliffs. One eulogized bill would have established a benefits cliff pilot program. For two years, it would have provided subsistence for people who've reached the benefits cliff.

New York towns are reaping many benefits since the Inflation Reduction Act was passed.

Along with funds for larger clean energy projects, the state was awarded $158 million for the IRA's Home Energy Rebates program.

Smaller towns and villages use these grants to implement their climate action plans.

Brighton Town Councilmember Robin Wilt said an IRA grant they applied for will help upgrade the town's HVAC system.

"We will be implementing geothermal and then use a solar array to make the system close to net zero, not quite," said Wilt. "I think we'll get 55% of our energy back with the solar panels."

The bureaucratic process to access the funding was challenging, but some groups are working with the Department of Energy to improve it.

Wilt said feedback on the clean energy projects has been positive. Future projects using IRA funding include increasing walkability and sustainable redevelopment.

Critics have said the IRA includes multiple provisions to increase fossil fuel production.

Towns nationwide are using IRA grants to bolster clean energy projects.

Joel Hicks is a council member for the Borough of Carlisle, Pennsylvania.

They've just applied for a grant to work on energy efficiency and solar projects with Harrisburg. He said this will have positive impacts beyond establishing clean energy.

"We were really excited at this potential," said Hicks, "because we saw that the cost savings we would have for putting in substantial solar projects on our public property would actually fund many of our other public municipal goals."

These include purchasing an electric vehicle fleet and having more efficient solid waste programs.

One thing Hicks said he wants to see in future is state and local governments helping small towns and municipalities with putting together their IRA grant proposals.