PHOENIX - Although Gov. Jan Brewer has ordered replacement of Child Protective Services with a new, cabinet-level state agency, a leading children's advocate says the tough work is just beginning.

Children's Action Alliance president Dana Wolfe Naimark said CPS is a complex, multi-layered system of overlapping responsibilities.

"Reports of abuse and neglect, investigations, community response and community services, foster care, adoptions, reunification with families," she said. "So, there are actually many components and, often, the public only thinks of the investigations."

Naimark said CPS also interacts with other parts of state government, such as behavioral health and juvenile justice. She said she hopes the reform effort will start by assembling a team of national and Arizona-based experts on child welfare, abuse and neglect to oversee the complicated process.

Naimark said she feels strongly that CPS reform needs to include increased prevention and family support services in the community, starting with child-care assistance.

"Many working families are not able to afford reliable, quality child care," she said, "and we have cut $70 million in funding over the last four years. It's time to rebuild support for child care, and that will help reduce neglect of children."

Naimark said she thinks Brewer has sent an important signal about making major changes at CPS and believes the necessary funding will follow.

"I think Gov. Brewer and legislators recognize that we cannot continue the way we have been with Child Protective Services," she said, "that we can't continue to have a mismatch between the job we give them and the infrastructure they have to do the job."

More money also is needed for increased caseworker staffing levels, professional mentoring for parents, and updating the CPS computerized case-tracking system, Naimark said. Lawmakers have cut the state's tax base by $700 million a year since the recession began, she said, adding that future tax cut discussions need to connect with budget needs such as education and CPS.


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Child care workers across the nation, including in Tennessee, are struggling with poverty-level wages according to a new report.

It revealed in Tennessee, the median wage for early childhood educators is less than $15 an hour.

Anna Powell, senior research and policy associate for the Center for the Study of Child Care Employment at the University of California-Berkeley, said the median wage nationally for early childhood educators is just $13.07 an hour, which has resulted in some workers relying on public assistance.

"In Tennessee, we estimate the median hourly wage to be $11.57 for a person working in early care and education," Powell reported. "Meanwhile, the living wage in that state is about $15.03, so that means there's a gap of about 23%."

The 2024 Early Childhood Workforce Index showed pay scales are insufficient for a single adult to earn a living wage in any state. Alarmingly, nearly half of child care workers rely on assistance programs, such as SNAP benefits and Medicaid, to survive.

Powell pointed out the data also show serious inequities in wages.

"While the overall wages are low, we do find evidence that Black and Latina women are earning even less on average," Powell explained. "For example, up to $8,000 less a year, regardless of their education levels."

The study suggested boosting public funding for early childhood education, as the U.S. invests only $4,000 per child annually, far less than the $14,000 in other wealthy countries.

The pandemic highlighted the critical role of educators and Powell pointed out COVID relief funds showed potential solutions are within reach.


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November is National Adoption Month and In Pennsylvania, more than 3,000 children in foster care are waiting for new families through adoption.

Abigail Wilson, director of child welfare, juvenile justice and education services at the Pennsylvania Council of Children, Youth and Family Services, said nationwide, more than 108,000 children are in foster care awaiting adoption.

Wilson suggested now is a great time to learn more about the joys and the challenges of adoptive families, adding the data provide insights into the racial composition of the children who need permanent families.

"Median age was around seven years old, and the racial breakdown was 43% white children, 23% Hispanic, 21% Black, 9% two or more races," Wilson reported. "High majority of the white, Hispanic and Black children."

Wilson noted Pennsylvania uses the Statewide Adoption and Permanency Network, which is part of the Department of Human Services. It focuses on matching children to families and resources.

Rachel Kuhr, chief program officer for Jewish Family Service of Harrisburg, said in the last 20 years, Pennsylvania has significantly increased its services for families seeking permanency for children. She pointed out funding has allowed the Statewide Adoption and Permanency Network to provide resources to adoptive families.

"It allows any family who has adopted a child and lives in Pennsylvania, and the child is under 18, to access supportive services," Kuhr outlined. "The state funds three services: case advocacy, which begins with assessment and then respite funding and support group."

She emphasized support groups are the top request from adoptive families and families are informed about the services before finalizing adoptions so they can seek help when needed.

Kim Kupfer, post-permanency coordinator for Jewish Family Service, said they have seen an increase in mental health issues affecting kids and families since the pandemic. She described how post-permanency services have helped a family of three, including two biological brothers with HADDS, a condition linked to developmental delay and autism.

"We offered a support group virtually about mental health topics," Kupfer recounted. "She did do that one, because it was virtual. It's a single Mennonite mom. Her name is Samantha. She's needed so much help with both the boys, navigating three systems. One of them is the school system, because she did not want to send her oldest to public school."

She stressed the mother was able to see the benefits of the local public school for her son with special needs, and he has been thriving there for almost three years.

According to some experts, a significant undercount in Florida's 2020 census may have lasting consequences for the state, jeopardizing vital funding and representation for communities in need.

The census affects funding allocations for key Medicaid and early education programs.

Dominic Calabro, president and CEO of Florida Tax Watch, said the 750,000 uncounted residents have left the state "shortchanged," costing Florida billions in federal resources and potentially reducing its influence in national elections.

"When it comes to caring for children, this is, conservatively, I mean absolute, the lowest number is 10 billion, but it's more like 20, 21 billion plus over 10 years," Calabro outlined. "That's a lot of dough. That's money that's going to other states and communities where people Americans no longer live."

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, undercounts are a common challenge for states with transient populations. The Bureau has acknowledged historical undercounts, their effects and how they are "diligently working to address this issue" to improve census accuracy. Florida's shortfall also affects political representation.

Calabro believes the undercount may have cost Florida one or two congressional seats, reducing the state's voice in federal policymaking.

Local governments and organizations relying on the funding may face service challenges. Looking ahead to the 2030 census, Florida officials and advocacy organizations, including Florida TaxWatch, are exploring ways to reach more people.

Calabro stressed the plan is to get everyone to work together.

"Then focus on the harder to reach folks like children and those, particularly those under the age of six, and those that are both minorities and those are transient and moving about and migrants," Calabro explained.

In 2022, the Census Bureau formed the Undercount of Young Children Working Group, which is focused on identifying underlying causes of the undercount of young children and improving data on this population. The working group is researching ways to enhance the count of young children in the 2030 census.


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