AUSTIN, Texas – Prison reform advocates say too many of the 12,000 women in Texas prisons don't need to be behind bars.

A study by the nonpartisan Texas Criminal Justice Coalition finds that more than two-thirds of the state's female inmates were convicted of nonviolent offenses and recommends that lawmakers develop alternative policies that emphasize more pretrial diversion and probation opportunities for women in the criminal justice system.

Lindsey Linder, an attorney with the Coalition, says the study finds that women in prison often have faced a different set of life experiences than men.

"You have a large percentage of the population being there for offenses that are largely the result of poverty, of substance abuse, of mental health, and are just not folks who need to be served in an incarceration setting," she points out.

Linder says while the overall prison population in Texas is shrinking, the number of incarcerated women has grown rapidly in recent years.

She says the state and local communities need to address domestic violence and poverty among women, particularly those with custody of children.

The report was developed with statistics from the state prison system and a survey of 400 women in Texas prisons.

Linder says the report also recommends community-based treatment programs for trauma and substance abuse, and reforms to the state's bail system, which often keeps women in poverty.

"The vast majority of women have significant trauma histories,” Linder stresses. “Over 80 percent of them have experienced domestic violence. Over half of them have experience sexual assault. Also, a much larger percentage of the women are mothers compared to men who are fathers in the system."

Linder says recent Texas prison reforms have been aimed mostly at male inmates.

"What we found was simply that reforms that have been enacted in recent years have just not impacted women because they're not targeted to serve the female population,” she states.

Linder says this is the first of two reports based on her research. The second, to be published in mid-April, will focus on specific programs and policies to reduce recidivism and help incarcerated women successfully return to their families and communities.


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The Republican National Convention is underway in Milwaukee and the assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump is a focal point.

Voters and academics also wonder how democracy is being defined amid turbulent political times. There have been calls from both parties to tone down the rhetoric after the weekend shooting. But there is still finger-pointing, with Trump supporters saying he has been "demonized" by those who say he is a threat to democracy. And in condemning violence, many Democrats said Trump has contributed to the hostile environment himself.

Mary Anderson, a voter from Arbor Vitae in northern Wisconsin, agrees the mood has grown overly toxic.

"There's no compromise. No one can talk to one another," Anderson observed. "It's just so polarized and it's getting worse."

Anderson, who has had family members vote Republican, does not like Trump's overall tone, saying he is too focused on grudges. She worries how the Project 2025 plan written by allies in his circle would affect women's civil rights. Trump has tried to distance himself from the plan.

Political scientists said the democracy debate is in a deep stalemate because voters no longer have a shared vision of how it should function.

Mindy Romero, director of the Center for Inclusive Democracy at the University of Southern California, said it was not always the case. She pointed out voters used to largely agree on upholding democratic institutions in the same way. But she noted people have become disillusioned about politics, leading to more extreme actions in influencing the election process.

"We're at a state right now that even the word 'democracy' means different things, clearly, to different sets of Americans," Romero pointed out.

She explained the shift has led to different voting laws, intimidation at polling sites and, in some cases, violence. To restore healthy debate, she encouraged people to research information from nonpartisan civic engagement centers and secretaries of state. In the end, she added politicians take cues from voters who have yet to fully show they are ready to move on from the current environment.

"Every campaign and set of advisers and political strategists are always thinking about what can they do to win," Romero stressed.

In pursuit of election success, she argued a larger group of politicians will have to strongly disavow hateful ideology, leaving voters with different messaging to latch onto. Romero is part of a group of bipartisan election administrators, scholars and others releasing a new letter demanding less violent rhetoric.


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As the party announced Monday Sen. J.D. Vance, R-Ohio, is the vice presidential candidate on the GOP ticket, progressive groups said they are concerned about Senator Vance's voting record and how his decisions have affected the state's working class.

Vance is a venture capitalist with investments in the health care industry.

Desiree Tims, president and CEO of Innovation Ohio, listed Vance's support for a national abortion ban, major corporations, and said some of his health care stances are "concerning."

"While I understand it may be very exciting for our Republican friends on the other side of the aisle, I think the public at large should be concerned and really paying attention to Senator Vance's record -- albeit brief -- in the U.S. Senate, but impactful nonetheless," Tims emphasized.

Vance opposes gender-affirming care for minors and supports denying health coverage to immigrants brought to the U.S. as children. Vance, 39, who has been in the U.S. Senate for a year-and-a-half, was announced as Trump's 2024 running mate on Monday afternoon at the Republican National Convention in Milwaukee, Wisconsin.

Tims stressed now is the time for Ohio voters to educate themselves on the issues and register to vote. So far, more than 2.5 million people have been purged from the state's voter rolls. She noted Ohioans will see likely see a measure on the ballot this fall to reform the state's redistricting process, including replacing Ohio's Redistricting Commission with a voter-elected independent body.

"That's yet another opportunity for Ohioans to weigh in on direct democracy," Tims urged. "And participate on how they want districts to be managed and drawn in this state."

Tims added the last couple of days have been somber and sad for the nation, as well as a call to tone down political rhetoric, as more innocent lives were lost to gun violence.

"The assassination attempt on Donald Trump was certainly scary for folks in attendance and folks watching," Tims acknowledged. "And really just has no place in our democracy, especially when we're talking about political violence."

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.


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Gov. Spencer Cox is calling for unity as well as the condemnation of political violence in light of the assassination attempt on former President Donald Trump over the weekend.

Cox has chaired the National Governors Association and led its "Disagree Better" initiative, which examines the issues surrounding political polarization in the country, while also looking to cultivate solutions and a culture of respect and civility.

On Sunday, Cox took to X, formerly known as Twitter, to share his closing statements from the association's recent summer meeting. He said he found his sentiments to be more important and relevant following Saturday's shooting tragedy.

"We can make this a better place," Cox insisted. "We can love each other again. We can disagree without hating each other. We can have passionate debates, and we do."

Cox is among one of many political leaders now calling for unity and for the heated political rhetoric to subside. President Joe Biden described the violence that took place on Saturday in Butler, Pennsylvania, as "sick" and said everyone must condemn the attack.

Political violence experts around the country say it is paramount for elected officials and leaders to continue to make calls for the de-escalation of the charged political rhetoric and climate the country currently finds itself in.

Recent studies show while Americans are less ideologically polarized than they perceive themselves to be, they are more "emotionally polarized," which means they hold a strong dislike for members of the other party.

Cox acknowledged while the U.S. is deeply divided, most Americans are tired and want to change but change will not be easy.

"I feel like in our country today, we have gotten really, really good at tearing things down and people down and institutions down and parties down," Cox stressed. "Building is hard."

In his remarks, Cox noted he is not optimistic about the future of the U.S., but hopeful. He added there is no guarantee the country will inevitably improve itself, even going as far as saying nothing keeps another civil war from happening. But he added he is thankful to many political leaders and organizations willing to build camaraderie and continue fighting against toxic political polarization.

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.