NEW YORK – Claims by anti-government groups that federal lands must be turned over to the states would not stand up in court, according to a new report.
The armed takeover of a national wildlife refuge in Oregon earlier this year was a dramatic manifestation of a movement that has followers in many states.
But the report from the Conference of Western Attorneys General cites U.S. Supreme Court rulings confirming that the federal government has practically unlimited authority to hold public lands.
John Leshy, an emeritus professor of law at the University of California Hastings College of the Law, says arguments for the seizure of U.S. public lands have virtually no legal merit.
"AG offices around the West collectively worked together and looked at these claims, and basically decided there really wasn't anything to them – that it really did have very little credibility in court," he states.
The Public Lands Subcommittee of the Conference of Western Attorneys General representing states with large tracts of federally managed land prepared the report.
But national parks, recreation areas and wildlife refuges exist in every state. In New York, the federal government manages more than 100,000 acres of public lands.
And Theo Spencer, senior policy advocate at the Natural Resources Defense Council, says everyone benefits.
"It's been said that national parks are America's greatest idea, and I think that's certainly the case,” he states. “They add tremendously to the overall economy of the state by drawing thousands of visitors every year."
Bills attacking federal management of public lands have been introduced in Congress and in several state legislatures, including in Missouri, Ohio and New Hampshire.
According to Leshy, it's an issue that has been around for many years.
"There's always been kind of a right-wing sort of libertarian movement that says the federal government shouldn't own any lands, and states should get these lands back,” he points out. “That's the sort of general issue, and it surfaces every so often."
According to The Wilderness Society, public land grabs would especially hurt rural economies that depend on them for millions of jobs and billions of dollars in revenue.
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Conservation groups, tribes and community organizers are praising President Joe Biden's decision Thursday to expand two national monuments in California.
Together, the monuments will gain about 120,000 acres. The Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument is 90 minutes northwest of Sacramento and the San Gabriel Mountains National Monument lies just east of Los Angeles.
Brenda Gallegos, public lands manager for the nonprofit Hispanic Access Foundation, said millions of urban families live close to the San Gabriel Mountains.
"A lot of our Latino communities don't have access to nature, prominently, like 67% of Latino communities don't have access to green spaces or blue spaces," Gallegos pointed out. "Having these expansions designated today brings us closer to closing that nature gap."
The president used his powers under the Antiquities Act to expand the monuments in order to increase public access and protect the watershed and wildlife habitat. The move also makes progress toward Biden's goal of protecting 30% of the country's public lands by 2030.
Gallegos said Berryessa Snow Mountain National Monument in Lake County will include an area previously known as Walker Ridge, now renamed Moluk Loyuk, which means Condor Ridge in the Patwin tribal language.
"This is important because it establishes a co-stewardship with federally recognized tribes and will return the indigenous names of these lands to them," Gallegos explained. "This continues to build that great relationship with tribes."
Land managers will now create a new management plan for the area, which could include new campsites, hiking and mountain biking trails, and even off-highway vehicle-designated routes.
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The Bureau of Land Management recently released its final Public Lands Rule, which is set to put conservation on equal footing with other multiple uses taking place on public lands.
The state of Utah has come out in opposition, pointing to the impact it could have on the almost 23 million acres of BLM land in Utah.
Redge Johnson, director of the Utah Public Lands Policy Coordinating Office, said the state supports conservation efforts but called the rule a "solution looking for a problem."
"What we have already put into conservation designations and then what you have for the acts that promote the conservation of the lands, why do you need to level that playing field?" Johnson questioned. "The playing field has more than leveled over the past 40, 50 years with the passage of all these acts."
Johnson contended Utah's lands and wildlife will suffer as a result of the rule and added it'll make mining critical metals used for batteries even more difficult. He and others, like Gov. Spencer Cox, called on the BLM to immediately withdraw the rule and work with stakeholders on more practical solutions.
Conservationists see the rule as a big win for restoring and sustaining public lands for future generations.
Johnson described Utah's public lands a "fire dependent ecosystem," adding fuel loads have accumulated drastically due to over a century's worth of fire suppression. He argued the rule will make executing and continuing vegetation management projects more difficult, including reducing the threats posed by fuel loads.
"One of the biggest contributors we have to carbon dioxide right now are wildfires, at least in the West," Johnson asserted. "Transportation, all the others, yes absolutely. But wildfires are a huge contributing factor to that. One of the best things we could do is reduce the fuel loads on some of these areas to reduce the fire risk and this rule puts that at risk."
The rule also creates the frameworks for "restoration and mitigation leases," which will allow groups to restore public lands or to offset the effects of a particular use. Johnson argued the leases will leave too many loopholes but the BLM said they will not "disturb existing authorizations."
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Conservation groups are rejoicing over the decision Friday by the Biden administration to reject a proposed mining road in Alaska.
The 211-mile Ambler Road would have sliced through the Gates of the Arctic National Park and Preserve, severing the migration route for a Western Arctic Caribou herd.
Alex Johnson, interior Alaska director for the National Parks Conservation Association, said it was important for the feds to take a stand in Alaska so mining interests do not start eyeing other national parks.
"This is a very expensive, destructive and just highly speculative project that does not in any way support our clean energy goals as a country," Johnson contended. "And ultimately would permanently threaten the health and well-being of local communities and the tribes."
Alaska Sen. Lisa Murkowski slammed the decision, warning it could limit jobs and tax revenues for Alaska by preventing exploration for minerals she said are important to national security, like copper, cobalt, gallium and germanium.
Jayme Dittmar, a photographer and filmmaker from Fairbanks, said the road would have been very disruptive to the 66 Native American villages along the proposed route.
"That'd be 168 trucks passing through close vicinity to the villages," Dittmar pointed out. "There would be hundreds of bridges built. It would dismantle a subsistence livelihood that's been in place for thousands and thousands of years."
The road was seen as a negative for tourism to the Brooks Range area. According to the Alaska Travel Industry Association, Californians make up 9% of visitors to Alaska.
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