SPOKANE, W1ash. – La Semana de la Educación en la Ciencia de Computación, un festejo del aprendizaje basado en las computadoras, continúa en las escuelas.
Durante esta semana, los estudiantes del Estado de Washington reciben educación en computación después de que termina su día escolar. En Spokane, todas las 34 escuelas elementales tienen Clubs de Codificación después de clases.
Lisa White es la directora de programas para después de clases y de los campamentos de verano del STEM (siglas en inglés para Ciencia, Tecnología, Ingeniería y Matemáticas), en las escuelas públicas de Spokane. Ella comenta que hay pequeños que apenas cursan Kindergarden y ya participan en estos clubes. Los estudiantes además aprenden ciencia de la computación fuera de pantalla.
“A muchos niños les gusta hacer la parte que es en línea, estar en la computadora, pero a muchos más les gusta algo que puedan tocar y sentir y con lo que puedan hacer algo – hacerlo moverse, si quieres.”
White dice que el Club de Programación utiliza actividades como robots programados por computadora para mostrar a los niños lo que es la codificación en la vida real.
Afirma que la ciencia, la tecnología, la ingeniería y las matemáticas, o sea los campos del STEM, todavía sufren de falta de diversidad –y los programas para después de clases tienen una posición única para cambiar esto.
Según un estudio de la Alianza Después de Clases (“Afterschool Alliance”), es doblemente probable que los niños negros participen en programas para después de clases, en comparación con los niños blancos; y los hispanos, dos y media veces más probable. White opina que la clave para diversificar el campo de STEM es llegar pronto a los pequeños.
“La manera en que logramos eso en nuestro programa es real y está literalmente bajando a preescolar y kindergarden, y logrando que los niños amen las matemáticas y la ciencia, nos sentimos increíblemente confiados de eso.”
Agrega que hay buena evidencia para afirmar que esos programas reditúan incluso antes de que los niños se gradúen.
“Tenemos un equipo en una de nuestras escuelas elementales –son de cuarto, quinto y sexto grado– y ya registraron dos patentes en los últimos dos años, para elementos de diseño que ellos crearon.”
Los estudiantes crearon lo que llamaron el “Compactor 3000”, para comprimir recipientes de leche vacíos de un galón de los puestos de café, y así reducir la cantidad de espacio que ocupa esta basura.
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Virginia advocates believe more can be done to make higher education accessible to incarcerated people.
Only a handful of community colleges partner with less than half of the state's correctional facilities to help people obtain associate's degrees.
In 2023, incarcerated people became eligible for federal Pell Grants, supporting tuition costs for low-income individuals.
Terri Erwin, director of the Virginia Consensus for Higher Education in Prison, an initiative of the Virginia Interfaith Center for Public Policy, said the General Assembly can help grow the programs.
"I think that the General Assembly can be kind of a third leg in the stool in supporting the collaboration as it develops between the Department of Corrections and the institutions of higher education," Erwin asserted. "What might be needed depends in part on how those relationships develop."
Higher education's shift to technology was one big challenge in maintaining this access during the pandemic. She noted Virginia did not pivot the same way, yet technology solutions in states such as Tennessee and Maine provided secure learning management and intranet access to incarcerated students. Despite the challenges, higher education in prison has grown nationwide in recent years.
Studies show some benefits of these programs are a 43% reduction in recidivism and a 13% increase in post-release employment. Erwin emphasized the programs can be transformative for people.
"It's an opportunity to reenter society with just one more similarity to folks who have been on the outside all along," Erwin pointed out. "It helps to move past some of the stigma. It gives them a hook to put their hat on as they move forward in looking for jobs and telling the story about who they are."
Formerly incarcerated people reentering society face numerous obstacles. Programs such as SNAP and Temporary Assistance for Needy Families are proven to reduce recidivism by 10% but having a criminal background disqualifies someone's eligibility for both social programs and unemployment insurance.
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A new report shows Black girls are enduring disproportionate discipline, sexual harassment and public humiliation from school-based police and security guards in Miami-Dade public schools.
The report, "Keep Her Safe: Centering Black Girls in School Safety," compiles the experiences of Black girls and young women between the ages of 14 and 24, sharing their stories through surveys and focus groups about mistreatment by school safety personnel who make them feel unsafe.
Bayliss Fiddiman, director of educational equity at the National Women's Law Center, which produced the study along with the Southern Poverty Law Center, said the girls were being treated differently for their appearance, often unaware of the lines of sexual harassment.
"The girls express school security guards making inappropriate comments about their appearance that could range from. 'Oh, she looks ghetto,' or 'she's too big to wear that outfit. I would never let my daughter wear that,'" Fiddiman explained.
The report urged the school system to use proven behavioral interventions in such cases, rather than using policing, surveillance and harsh student punishment. Miami-Dade schools has not responded to a request for comment on the study.
Fiddiman pointed out in listening sessions, the girls also did not have a clear understanding of whom to tell if they felt violated. She argued it is an opportunity for school leaders to step in and explain school safety procedures by engaging students in the conversation.
"Schools can definitely implement policies around explaining what sexual harassment is, what boundaries are, what is safe and healthy," Fiddiman recommended. "That was missing."
The report underscored incidents of security using excessive force, such as a 16-year-old Black girl being slammed to the ground, rendering her unconscious and subsequently handcuffed to prevent a fight in 2021. In 2023, a Miami-Dade security guard faced allegations of attempting to seduce three teenage girls.
The Marjory Stoneman Douglas High School Public Safety Act in response to the 2018 Parkland shooting aimed to bolster school safety. However, it also led to heightened law enforcement presence in schools and increased surveillance measures.
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Advocates for the rights of people with disabilities have joined the Montana Quality Education Association in a suit to stop a school voucher bill in the state.
Montana is the latest to enact a plan allowing parents to pay private school tuition with public money. Senate Bill 393 is much more narrowly focused than Educational Savings Accounts in other states. In Montana, the money is limited to reimbursing services for special-education students and those with disabilities.
Rylee Sommers-Flanagan, executive director of Helena-based Upper 7 Law which is overseeing the suit, said Montana's version of Educational Savings Accounts requires special-ed students to renounce their right to a free, quality education under the state constitution and forgo federal assistance.
"In exchange for renouncing that, they can gain access to anywhere between $5,000 and $8,000 annually," Sommers-Flanagan explained. "Which, as we all know, is not enough money to educate a child for a year under any circumstances, let alone a student who may have special needs and may have particularity expensive special needs depending on the circumstances."
School voucher measures are growing across the nation, 29 states now having some form of them. The suit to block the Montana bill was filed in state court in Helena.
In addition to the critics' standard argument which holds funding Educational Savings Accounts with state education money comes at the expense of public K-12 classrooms, Sommers-Flanagan added the accounts will not make enough money available to adequately fund special-needs students anyway.
"It's a lose-lose situation," Sommers-Flanagan contended. "It's incredibly harmful. It appears just to be a gambit to try to privatize public money and to send it to vendors and to folks who have no accountability and no responsibility to genuinely meet the needs of kids who have disabilities in Montana."
Supporters have said they can do a better job educating their own kids than the state can because they understand the students' strengths and weaknesses.
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