CHARLESTON, W. Va. – President Donald Trump's visit to Charleston on Tuesday highlighted a plan to loosen carbon-pollution rules - but according to the federal government's own figures, that isn't likely to spark much growth in coal jobs.

Trump's plan would let states, instead of the Environmental Protection Agency, set carbon-emissions limits for power plants. That would likely all but end the Clean Power Plan here, but Ted Boettner, executive director of the West Virginia Center on Budget and Policy, said federal predictions see little or no job impact from that.

So far, Boettner said, the administration hasn't had much impact on coal production at all.

"Coal jobs have slightly increased, but they are nowhere near where they were several years ago," he said, "and it does not look, going forward, that no matter, with or without the Clean Power Plan in West Virginia, coal jobs will dramatically increase or decrease."

Many state Republican candidates are running on the economic boost they see from ending what they call the "war on coal." But Boettner said coal production has barely moved so far, and the state economy is growing much more slowly than the United States overall.


The EPA has predicted that ending the Clean Power Plan would increase carbon emissions by about 3 percent nationally. Critics have said the total may be higher, between that and the Trump administration plans to roll back car and truck fuel-efficiency standards, with effects on public health and the environment.

The WVU predictions are online at archive.epa.gov and the new EPA proposal is at epa.gov.


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National proposals to end taxes on tips might have mixed effects on New Yorkers.

Vice President Kamala Harris and former President Donald Trump have developed variations of the policy, which would let workers keep more of their tips. But many tipped workers do not earn enough income for a living wage because they make a subminimum wage, which is $16 with tip credits in New York.

Saru Jayaraman, president of the advocacy group One Fair Wage, said both candidates would take separate approaches to implementing their policies.

"Trump's proposal also would provide that same tax exemption to hedge fund billionaires and Harris' proposal, you know, when she elevated it did call for raising the minimum wage in addition to ending taxes on tips," Jayaraman explained.

She argued the best way to implement change is by ending the subminimum wage. Several states and cities have done it, but New York's bill faces opposition from groups like the New York Restaurant Association. However, restaurants in different states are seeing dividends from paying workers a full minimum wage with tips. Several states have ballot measures this year to end the subminimum wage.

On average, tipped wage workers in New York earn almost $18 an hour with tips. But the living hourly wage for a single New Yorker is closer to $27. Beyond state-level hesitation to pass such laws, Jayaraman noted a big challenge to make sure if Congress passes a bill, it is done so equitably.

"The only way it's fair to other workers is if you're exempting taxes on tips that are above the minimum wage, not tips that bring you to the minimum wage," Jayaraman emphasized. "Because otherwise other minimum wage workers are paying tax on the minimum wage and then you'd have tipped workers not paying taxes on their minimum wage."

Advocates said it could also lead unscrupulous businesses to switch to a tipping model so they would not have to pay their workers a full minimum wage. She argued there would have to be some kind of guard enacted in the policy to prevent it from happening.

Unionized workers with the federal agency responsible for processing immigration and asylum paperwork claim they are being forced to turn their jobs over to non-union labor, in violation of federal law.

United Electrical, Radio, & Machine Workers of America members say the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Nebraska Service Center is laying off union workers in Nebraska and other states, and moving the jobs to non-union operations.

UE Local 808 President Dawn Meyer calls the center's move "union busting."

"What they are doing is, they're taking good union jobs," said Meyer. "They're outsourcing them to places that are paying less money, are less efficient, are far less vigilant in accuracy. They're risking people's ability to get immigration benefits."

Meyer said UE workers are a skilled, experienced workforce that performs clerical and pre-adjudication tasks.

They serve the immigration pipeline for asylum seekers, refugees, and victims of human trafficking and domestic violence.

The U.S. CIS did not respond to a request for comment.

Meyer said the U.S. CIS is playing a "shell game," laying off union workers and moving their jobs to the non-union Lockbox location in Dallas.

The work there principally involves the processing of fee-bearing petitions. She said the decision to relocate this work has resulted in predictable delays in processing.

"All these contracts are supposed to be open to the public because SCA is supposed to be a transparent process," said Meyer. "So it makes it very difficult for the common person to go looking for, 'Hey, what's my government doing?'"

UE locals in Lincoln, Essex, Vermont, and Laguna Niguel, California have recently held protests of the layoff policies - calling for the government to stop so-called "rolling layoffs," aimed at reducing the unionized workforce at all three locations by about two thirds between 2023 and 2025.


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New data show fast food jobs have been on the upswing in the four months since the minimum wage in the sector went from $16 to $20 an hour.

The Bureau of Labor Statistics found California added 11,000 new fast-food jobs from April to July and showed increases year over year each month since January.

Michael Reich, professor of economics at the University of California-Berkeley, said the data contradicts doomsday predictions from opponents of raising the minimum wage.

"The knock is that a minimum wage increase would lead to businesses closing, workers getting laid off, and much higher prices," Reich recounted. "That's been the knock on every minimum wage increase since 1938. Indeed, a large number of studies have found that minimum wages do not reduce employment in fast food."

Reich noted while fast food work is expanding, its growth has slowed because overall economic growth has slowed but not because of the higher minimum wage. He said the effect of higher fast-food workers' wages on the overall economy is too small to detect.

Reich pointed out higher wages have certainly benefited workers' bottom line, which leads to more spending in the local economy. They have also led to slightly higher restaurant prices.

"Fast food prices may have gone up one or two percent, compared to how much they increased in other states that did not raise their minimum wage," Reich explained. "That's not enough to reduce consumer spending. So the minimum wage essentially leads to an income transfer from the people who eat in those restaurants to the people who work in those restaurants."

Some individual fast food managers worried they would lose business if they increased their prices to offset higher labor costs. But Reich countered the cost increases affect all fast food restaurants, so individual businesses would not lose market share.


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