RICHMOND, Va. – President Donald Trump is set to be in Paris this weekend to commemorate the 100 year anniversary of Armistice Day, which marked the end of World War I.

Adam Hochschild wrote an award-winning book on what was then called 'the War to End All Wars,' a conflict that killed more than nine million soldiers, wounded 21 million more, and also left millions of civilians dead.

Hochschild says the war – which he argues, like most, didn't have to happen – reshaped the 20th century in ways we're still grappling with today.

"It also laid the groundwork for the Second World War and for the Holocaust, by leaving behind a tremendous reservoir of bitterness and hatred and resentment – in Germany, especially – and the need to find scapegoats," says Hochschild.

Hochschild says the legacy of World War I, which leaders on all sides believed would be brief and solve problems, offers lessons worth remembering today as the U.S. makes threats against China and Iran, and prepares to pull out of an arms-control treaty with Russia.

Hochschild doesn't want to minimize the sacrifices of those who served. But he thinks people such as labor leader Eugene Debs and political activist Emma Goldman – both of whom were sent to jail for opposing the war – should be celebrated on this centennial, rather than politicians and generals.

He notes during Goldman's trial, she told the jury her patriotism 'is like the man who loves a woman with open eyes – he's enchanted by her beauty, yet he sees her faults.'

"And when we remember the war and Armistice Day, I want us to remember people like her – like Debs, like their counterparts in England, Germany, France, everywhere – who spoke out against the war at the time," says Hochschild.

Armistice Day was observed as a day to oppose war's devastation for decades in the U.S.; then, Congress changed the name to Veterans Day in 1954. Organizations including Veterans for Peace, which has been barred from some Veterans Day events, are working to restore Armistice Day as a day to celebrate peace.


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A Kent State University shooting survivor is warning Ohioans and others to take note of the U.S. military's involvement in immigration-related protests. She says it echoes a dark chapter in Ohio history -- when four students were shot by the National Guard at Kent State in 1970.

Chic Canfora, then a student protester and now a journalism professor at Kent State, said this weekend's deployment of National Guard troops and U.S. Marines to Los Angeles to contain protests feels chillingly familiar.

"It's just unconscionable that now the U.S. Marines, and not just the National Guard, are being deployed to an American city - not to respond to some foreign threat, but to stand in opposition to peaceful protests in Los Angeles," she said. "That does not belong in a democracy."

More than 350 protest-related arrests have been made across the country. California officials are suing for military withdrawal, while federal leaders defend the move as essential for public safety.

Canfora said protesters today -- in Los Angeles, Chicago, New York, Seattle, Austin, Las Vegas, Washington, D.C. and elsewhere -- are part of a long American tradition of speaking truth to power. She said they deserve protection, not repression.

"All of you who are doing this important work are part of a long line of Americans who have refused to be silenced," she said, "and you are what democracy looks like."

She also cautioned activists to stay vigilant, saying infiltrators may try to incite violence and discredit peaceful protests.

"It's very, very important for activists today and for all the protesters out there to be aware of people among them that don't belong," she said, "to isolate and expose those who are trying to make them look violent when they're not."

Canfora said history is watching. She believes the use of military force against civilian protestors anywhere in the United States threatens democracy everywhere, and urged Ohioans not to look away.


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As global conflicts and natural disasters escalate, groups like the Nonviolent Peaceforce, which works to protect civilians in conflict zones, faces severe funding challenges. The Trump administration's cancellation of nearly 90% of funding for USAID programs has sent shockwaves through the humanitarian sector.

The funding cuts also reverberate in the Sunshine State, home to more than 120 registered international relief organizations - among the highest concentrations in the country - including Miami-based World Relief and Coconut Creek's Food for the Poor.

The group Nonviolent Peaceforce said its Myanmar program is among the casualties.

Megan Rodgers, U.S. policy and advocacy manager for Nonviolent Peaceforce, said the timing couldn't be worse, as Myanmar grapples with the aftermath of devastating earthquakes.

"The stop-work order from the Trump administration in January, followed by cancellation of nearly 90% of all USAID programs, has definitely hit the sector really significantly. At a time when humanitarian needs have really never been higher, the funding available for those needs is really significantly contracting," she contended.

Despite partial 2025 funding restored after January's initial cuts, Nonviolent Peaceforce said critical gaps remain - from wars in Gaza, Sudan and Ukraine to climate-driven disasters displacing millions. Rogers added they are now racing to protect 2026 budgets through the House subcommittee overseeing foreign aid, chaired by Florida Republican Mario Diaz-Balart.

Rodgers warned that merging USAID with the State Department, as proposed in a Trump administration memo, could slow critical aid responses. But she pointed to hope in South Sudan, where women from rival communities work together to protect children from violence.

"So, that's an example of community organizing that has actually protected a lot of children from abduction, from violence. Because women are stepping up and saying that they don't want to be part of this violence and they want to protect themselves from it - so, stepping away from that cyclical process of violence," she continued.

As congressional budget negotiations unfold, peacekeeping groups stress that the stakes extend far beyond politics - and that millions of lives hang in the balance.

Defense Secretary Pete Hegseth has ties with a controversial church based in Idaho and critics said the church's Christian nationalist views could guide his role in the Trump administration.

Hegseth is part of a church in Tennessee associated with the Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches, founded by Doug Wilson in Moscow, Idaho, in the 1970s. The church holds extreme beliefs, including that the United States should follow biblical law.

Julie Ingersoll, professor of religious studies at the University of North Florida, has studied Christian Reconstructionists like Wilson. She said Hegseth's church is not like a megachurch in which you walk in and think of yourself as a member.

"That's just not how this kind of a church system works," Ingersoll explained. "In order to join, you have to attest to believing the same things and in order to remain a member you have to continue to believe those things."

Ingersoll added membership is strict and if people's beliefs change, they can be brought before the church courts on heresy charges. Wilson began his movement in part because he found a lack of sufficient Christian school options for his daughter. Hegseth has expressed similar views for his children.

The Communion of Reformed Evangelical Churches has congregations in almost every state and holds other extreme views, such as criminalization of people in the LGBTQ+ community. They are also deeply patriarchal, which Ingersoll noted is a label the church itself uses, with some arguing women should not have the right to vote.

Ingersoll pointed out Hegseth backtracked during his confirmation hearing on whether women should serve in the military.

"He kind of switched it in a soft way to not believing that women should be in combat," Ingersoll recounted. "That gives a flexibility to allow people to hear what he's saying and go, 'Oh, yeah. Maybe that's not a terrible thing.'"

In 2020, Hegseth published a book which mischaracterized the Islamic faith and positioned Muslims as historic enemies of the West. Ingersoll stressed the belief also flows from the church to which he belongs.

"For him, Islam and all other world religions and all other ideological systems, all isms, flow out of original sin in the Garden of Eden because they're all based in this idea that humans can reason apart from God," Ingersoll explained.


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