BOISE, Idaho – El fuego prescrito se ha estado usando en el Suroeste de los Estados Unidos por décadas. Una investigadora dice que la región ofrece un modelo para que el Oeste combata sus crecientes temporadas de incendios forestales.
El estudio reciente revela que los estados del Oeste podrían seguir el ejemplo del Sureste para reducir el riesgo de incendios. Crystal Kolden, una profesora asociada en ciencia del fuego en la Universidad de Idaho, analizó el uso de fuegos prescritos entre 1998 y 2018, y encontró que el Sureste usó más del doble de fuegos prescritos que el resto del país.
La región también tuvo menos acres quemados en incendios forestales durante ese lapso. Kolden dice que el Oeste tiene diferentes vegetación, climas y centros de población, pero aún así piensa que el modelo del Suroeste pudiera funcionar aquí.
“Lo que hace que los incendios forestales funcionen en el Suroeste es cómo enfrenta la gente el problema, y cómo ese acercamiento ha sido pactado en cuanto a la política y la regulación – y eso es algo que absolutamente podemos emular en el Oeste.”
Kolden da mucho crédito del éxito del Sureste a la colaboración entre agencias federales, estados e incluso empresas privadas y terratenientes. Dice que en el Oeste los fondos están siendo desviados de los fuegos prescritos para combatir las épocas de intensos incendios forestales, lo que afecta los esfuerzos de largo plazo para enfrentar esta amenaza.
El Servicio Forestal de los Estados Unidos (“US Forest Service”) advierte que más de un billón de acres podrían arder en los Estados Unidos en esta temporada.
La investigación detectó que la Oficina de Asuntos Indígenas (“Bureau of Indian Affairs”) fue la única agencia federal que incrementó substancialmente su uso del fuego prescrito durante el lapso de 21 años que duró el estudio.
Sam Scranton, director en funciones del programa de manejo de combustibles en la Oficina de Asuntos Indígenas (Bureau of Indian Affairs, BIA), dice que el manejo fue trabajado para mitigar la amenaza de incendios forestales. Agrega que en tierras de esa Oficina hay 57 millones de acres que pueden arder, y casi 10 millones corren un alto riesgo.
Las quemas prescritas tienen también otros usos, como reciclar nutrientes y así hacer parajes más sanos para las plantas y los animales. Scranton menciona también que los Americanos Nativos han usado este método durante generaciones.
“El recurso de la tierra es una fuente de substancia espiritual, cultural, emocional y económica. Así que tienen una gran dependencia de la tierra y quieren cuidarla para las generaciones futuras.”
La investigación de la UI muestra que el BIA dedicó entre el 50 y el 80 por ciento de su presupuesto a suprimir fuegos durante los cinco años pasados, mientras el compromiso de otras agencias federales nunca excedió el 25 por ciento.
El estudio está disponible en: https://bit.ly/2IlwQHO
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The Iowa Environmental Council has petitioned the Environmental Protection Agency to invoke emergency powers to protect sensitive soil and groundwater in northeast Iowa.
The council is holding a public webinar today and wants the EPA to address groundwater contamination in northeast Iowa's so-called Driftless region. The groundwater there has a well-documented history of nitrate contamination.
Alicia Vasto, director of water program for the council, said the highly porous and soluble karst soil prevalent in the region is susceptible to contamination from centralized animal feeding operations.
"We did some analyses of private well data and public water systems and found that there was a lot of contamination of nitrate in those drinking water sources," Vasto reported. "The state has really failed to take action meaningfully that would address those problems."
The state has said it is constantly working to upgrade groundwater quality standards and is in the process of taking public input on creating yet another set of rules.
Vasto emphasized since the state has failed to address the water safety concerns for decades, the council and a coalition of other environmental groups have, in effect, gone above the state's head to the EPA, asking the agency to implement an emergency stop gap on nitrate pollution the way the agency did in neighboring Minnesota last year.
"We're asking that at, at minimum, the EPA would require the state of Iowa to do what they required the state of Minnesota to do under the same petition," Vasto explained. "Because the geology of northeast Iowa is the same as of southeast Minnesota."
The council's recommendations include calling on the EPA to create a communications plan with residents whose water could be at risk, create a drinking water sampling plan, and establishing a thorough permitting process for centralized animal feeding operations.
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A Knoxville-based environmental group is advocating for the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act expansion, currently awaiting House approval.
It would provide compensation to more states such as Tennessee for radiation exposure from U.S. government nuclear activities such as weapons testing and uranium mining.
Tanvi Kardile, coordinator for the Oak Ridge Environmental Peace Alliance, said the current act fails to compensate Tennesseans exposed to nuclear waste from the Y-12 weapons complex, a significant part of the Manhattan Project.
"This expansion bill does extend compensation to people in Tennessee," Kardile acknowledged. "It will directly affect us because it would allow people here to receive that compensation for being exposed to radiation from nuclear waste, which is a big issue here. "
Uranium miners, millers, and ore transporters may be eligible for a one-time payment of $100,000. The law would create a grant program for the study of epidemiological research. The research would focus on how uranium mining and milling affects the health of people directly involved, such as the families of miners and millers.
Kardile emphasized the importance of Tennesseans collaborating with lawmakers to work on expanding the Radiation Exposure Compensation Act since the existing program expires in less than sixty days.
"The Speaker of the House, Mike Johnson, has to bring up the vote in the House, and he hasn't done that yet," Kardile noted. "He has to bring it up by June, which is when RECA is set to expire. So we do want to urge people to call Speaker Mike Johnson."
Kardile added the U.S. Senate passed the reauthorization of The Radiation Exposure Compensation Act on March 7. However, current benefits are limited to specific regions, excluding areas affected by events such as the Trinity atomic test in New Mexico.
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The State of Arizona has received $156 million to invest into solar systems for Arizona families.
Adrian Keller, Arizona program director for the nonprofit Solar United Neighbors, said the group is "thrilled" about the grant made available through the federal solar policy known as Solar For All. The policy sets out to expand or create new low-income solar programs, which the Environmental Protection Agency claims will enable more than 900,000 homes across the nation to benefit from.
Keller expects the funding will help between 10,000 and 11,000 Arizona families.
"These are all low- to middle-income families," Keller pointed out. "The state is projecting somewhere around 61 megawatts of new solar throughout the state of Arizona and there are a bunch of different funding pools and mechanisms to make sure that this funding is disbursed equitably and throughout communities in the state, not just hitting certain metro areas."
Despite Arizona ranking second for solar energy potential in the nation, Keller acknowledged there are still many in the Grand Canyon State who would like to transition to solar but cannot afford to do so. He stressed the federal funds are a step in the right direction. He added through the Greenhouse Gas Reduction Fund, Solar for All will allocate $21 million to support clean-energy job creation and train workers.
Keller argued while there are significant federal dollars flowing into Arizona for solar systems and incentives, some of the state policies around solar energy are lackluster. Keller noted the Arizona Corporation Commission is in the process of determining how rooftop solar customers in the state will be compensated, but could end up lowering bill credits.
"We're kind of in this interesting place with the current landscape of solar in Arizona," Keller explained. "In some ways it's really good, because we've got these great federal policies, but at the same time the state is sending mixed signals, particularly the corporation commission about the value of solar in Arizona."
Keller considers Solar for All to be a "transformative opportunity" to change the narrative surrounding solar-energy accessibility and added his organization is eager to partner with the state to start rolling out the program later this year. He said 300 rural households will also benefit from solar plus battery systems for their homes, protecting them from electricity service disruption.
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