COTTONWOOD, Ariz. — Out in Arizona's wide-open spaces, dozens of rural school districts are struggling to serve their communities and often are challenged just to keep the doors open.
A recent report by The Rural School and Community Trust found rural schools in Arizona and across the country struggle with inadequate funding, changes to the communities they serve and providing educational opportunities for all of their students.
The report found Arizona's rural school graduation rates are among the lowest in the country. Wes Brownfield, executive director of the Arizona Rural Schools Association, said the biggest struggle for many districts is to fund and maintain school facilities.
"If I've got a high school with 80 kids in it, first of all, I have to provide the same services as if I had 800 kids," Brownfield said. "When a school building is built, there's money to build the building, but there's never money included in preventive maintenance.”
He said other recurring problems include low teacher and staff salaries, transportation costs, and the "hollowing out" of living standards for middle-class rural families.
The report said about 50,000 of Arizona's 1.1 million public- and charter-school students attend rural schools. Outside of the state's three main cities, rural schools are found in Arizona's pine forests, arid deserts and vast reservation lands.
Brownfield said the expansive distances can wreak havoc on school bus systems.
"Out here in the Rocky Mountain West, we also have rural and remote. And it's those remote school districts who have to provide transportation to their students, more often than not, with a bus fleet that is old and suffers from a lack of preventive maintenance,” he said.
Brownfield said rural school administrators need to do a better job convincing local communities and state education officials of how valuable rural schools are to the state.
"Rural schools have to do a better job of communicating how vitally important the rural school is to a rural community,” Brownfield said. “It's more than just the place where kids are educated. It's often the cultural and emotional and social center of the community."
The report found 23% of Arizona's rural students live in poverty, compared with about 16% nationally. The graduation rate for Arizona's rural students did improve to about 82% over the past five years, but is still below the national average of 89%.
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Idaho students still have not caught up to pre-pandemic levels in education, according to a new report.
The third annual Education Recovery Scorecard finds Idaho students are half a grade level behind 2019 marks in math, and 60% behind in reading.
One of the biggest issues in the state is chronic absenteeism.
Professor Tom Kane - lead author of the study and faculty director at the Center for Education Policy Research at Harvard University - said the pandemic was the earthquake, but absenteeism is the tsunami that keeps rolling through schools.
"Fewer than 5% of students in Idaho were chronically absent before the pandemic," said Kane, "but right after the pandemic in 2022, more than 20% of students were chronically absent - so missing more than 10% of the school year."
The scorecard says Idaho ranks 30th in math recovery and 38th in reading recovery between 2019 and 2024.
However, the report also points to bright spots - such as in Lewiston, Kuna, and Idaho Falls, where students are approaching or exceeding full recovery.
The report finds the gaps between high-income and low-income districts nationally has widened, with the richest districts nearly four times more likely to recover in math and reading when compared to the poorest districts.
Kane said the country is failing some students.
"School closures were a public health measure that was taken on behalf of all of us," said Kane. "But, at this point, the people who are paying the biggest price for those school closures are not adults. They're children, especially poor children."
Federal relief dollars expired last year. However, Kane said there still are ways states can help students.
He urged teachers to tell parents when students fall behind. Kane also noted that states have Title I funds - grants to improve academic performance especially in high-poverty schools.
"States do have some flexibility in how they administer federal Title I dollars," said Kane, "and we encourage states to use that flexibility and continue funding academic catch-up efforts like tutoring and summer learning."
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A New York bill would require schools to teach about the Jan. 6 insurrection.
The bill calls for all K-12 students to be taught about the event, with the state determining how best to incorporate the events into history classes. Since 2021, public opinion on the U.S. Capitol attack has dulled because President Donald Trump and his supporters have downplayed it since then
Asm. Charles Lavine, D-Glen Cove, the bill's sponsor, said it is important not to whitewash the facts.
"The problem with whitewashing history is that students in those states are not going to learn to be the critical thinkers that we really need in order to confront the great dilemmas that will face us in the future," Lavine contended.
Though initial polls found people equated the Capitol attack with an attack on democracy, some polls show people approve of Trump's actions. Many groups have teaching tools so educators can accurately answer students' questions about Jan. 6.
While the bill is relatively new, it has garnered positive feedback. It is under review by the Assembly's Education Committee.
The bill comes several weeks after President Donald Trump pardoned everyone prosecuted for participating in the Jan. 6 attack. Polls show most people disapprove of the pardons.
Lavine acknowledged one challenge for the bill is finding an impartial way to teach about a politically polarizing event, adding it will be left to the state's education experts.
"Those are the members of the Board of Regents, in consultation with the state's Education Department, to make the determination about what is taught particularly in subject matters," Lavine outlined. "What this bill simply does is add to a list of major subject areas that should be instructed in our public schools."
Along with the Capitol attack, the bill also calls on teachers to educate students about patriotism, citizenship, civic education, values and America's history with diversity and religious tolerance. Lavine noted one goal of the bill is to ensure children learn about good and bad parts of history, from slavery and the Holocaust to the Irish potato famine.
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With cost at the forefront of prospective students' minds, higher education institutions in North Carolina are rethinking how to overcome one of the biggest barriers to enrollment.
William Peace University in Raleigh has launched its "Peace Pledge," a program offering 100% tuition coverage for qualifying students.
Damon Wade, vice president for enrollment management and marketing at the university, said school officials took a hard look at the enrollment challenges students faced.
"Cost was a major factor in their decision-making for them and their families," Wade observed. "We wanted to do our level best to try to mitigate that and remove cost as a barrier to their education as reasonably as we possibly could."
Qualifying students must be first-time, traditional undergraduate students who reside in North Carolina. They also must come from households with incomes of $75,000 or less, be eligible for federal Pell Grants and have a high school grade-point average of 3.25 or higher.
Other colleges in North Carolina are also offering free tuition, including Duke University, which covers tuition for families with incomes less than $150,000. Wade pointed out colleges are closely considering the cost students face.
"A lot of institutions around the country and then particularly in North Carolina have given thought to the cost associated with education and have come up with different pathways for students to enroll," Wade explained.
Wade added students want to enroll in programs to prepare them for the workforce or graduate school.
"But they want to do it in as cost-effective as possible," Wade emphasized. "We hear that from them and their parents, and they understand that mom and dad or their guardians don't always have the capacity to cover the cost."
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