TACOMA, Wash. - How can Washington state create a more just society in 2020? Two experts say the state should tax its way toward that goal.

The Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy ranks Washington last in the nation in terms of tax-system fairness, with low-income residents shouldering the biggest tax burden as a portion of their income.

Katie Baird, an economics professor at the University of Washington Tacoma, says economic policies like these are central to issues of social justice.

"To the extent that you are not fairly taxing people - you're taxing some people a lot more than others - that's one way that governments can be unjust in their policy," says Baird.

She says state lawmakers could address this issue with a capital gains tax, which would be levied on such assets as stocks and bonds worth more than $250,000.

Baird adds another way to make the system more fair is with an income tax, although it would be uphill battle passing one. In 2010, Washington voters overwhelmingly rejected the income-tax idea.

Washington state largely relies on sales taxes. According to the Institute on Taxation and Economic Policy, Washingtonians at the lowest end of the income spectrum pay 18% of their wages in taxes, while those at the highest pay 3%.

Cynthia Stewart, president of the Tacoma-Pierce County League of Women Voters, says state and local governments need more revenue to address pressing issues. She believes solving the state's housing crisis, for example, will require much more funding.

"When you put the two things together - the opportunity for more revenue and the opportunity for that revenue to come from people who can better afford it, and not from the people who would need the service - then to me, that's a compelling argument," says Stewart.

The legislative session begins on January 13.


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The Trump administration has slashed jobs and closed research centers at the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, a division of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Experts said the effects will be felt in West Virginia, where coal miners depend on the agency for its Coal Workers Health Surveillance Program.

Scott Laney was a research epidemiologist at the program's Morgantown office until it was shut down. He said miners will not have access to health care or mobile X-ray screening.

"Miners are offered chest X-rays throughout their working career," Laney explained. "We administer that program with the goal of identifying the earliest stages of black lung and providing a resource to miners where they can move to a less dusty part of the mine."

After decades of being on the decline, black lung disease among miners in recent years has been on the rise, largely driven by increased exposure to fine silica dust. The federal government passed a law last year to cut in half the allowed exposure limit for crystalline silica during an eight-hour shift.

Laney stressed more miners and their families will suffer without a robust Coal Workers' Health Surveillance Program.

"The bottom line is this was certainly going to lead to more premature mortality," Laney contended. "Coal miners are going to be dying younger and younger because we were unable to identify their disease and stop it from progressing."

Laney added he is equally concerned about the safety of workers in other fields, noting the institute is responsible for investigating firefighter deaths. He also pointed out N95 masks used during the pandemic were certified by the institute's workers to ensure a standard of safety and efficacy.

Ahead of Tax Day, a national receipt shows where some Ohio tax dollars were spent in 2024.

War and weaponry remain top federal expenses, with the average tax filer paying more than $3,700 to maintain America's military arsenal.

Lindsay Koshgarian, program director of the Institute for Policy Studies, said that cost could increase for 2025, since President Donald Trump has said he wants a $1 trillion military budget.

"We've been expecting to see it hit a trillion dollars some time in the near future," said Koshgarian, "but I don't think we were expecting it quite so soon as this."

She said the military budget decreased slightly after the 2008 recession, but has been noticeably increasing the past few years. A $1 trillion military budget would be the largest on record.

The average tax filer paid under $18,000 in federal taxes last year, with the greatest share supporting Americans' health through Medicaid, Medicare, the National Institutes of Health, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Trump and billionaire Elon Musk have vowed to cut at least $1 trillion in spending.

But Koshgarian warned that eliminating smaller agencies - which work to alleviate homelessness, for example - won't reap much reward.

"And so, I think what we're likely to see next year is a lot less money for things like that," said Koshgarian, "without necessarily any appreciable savings for most of us."

Americans on average pay just one penny to help keep people off the streets. The average cost for deportations and border enforcement is just under $100.

Koshgarian said that cost could jump next year as well, as Trump continues to call for the deportation of millions of undocumented immigrants.

This story was produced in association with Media in the Public Interest and funded in part by the George Gund Foundation.





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Groups that fight for greater access to health care are criticizing the Republican budget blueprint currently before the
U.S. House of Representatives, claiming it could lead to huge cuts to Medicaid -- known as Medi-Cal in the Golden State. Republicans can only afford to lose a couple of votes in order to use reconciliation to pass the bill on a simple majority vote.

Kiran Savage-Sangwan, executive director of the California Pan-Ethnic Health Network, is asking voters to get in touch with their local members of Congress.

"Devastating health-care cuts can still be stopped," she said. "With the slimmest of a majority in the House of Representatives, it would take less than a handful of House Republicans to vote 'no' on this plan to save health care for 15 million Californians who count on Medi-Cal."

The House version of the budget blueprint calls for $880 billion in cuts to the part of the government that funds health care for low-income families, seniors and people with disabilities. House Speaker Mike Johnson has said the savings are necessary to fund President Donald Trump's other budget priorities.

Adriana Ramos-Yamamoto, a senior policy analyst with the California Budget & Policy Center, said the administration's priorities stand to hurt average Californians.

"Republicans want to cut funding for basic health care and nutrition programs that millions of people rely on, all in order to help pay for tax cuts that disproportionately benefit the wealthy and corporations," said Ramos-Yamamoto. "These cuts would be a major hit to California, where federal dollars make up about a third of the state budget."

Amanda McAllister-Wallner, interim executive director of the nonprofit Health Access, notes that Congress will soon adjourn for a two-week break, sending lawmakers back to their districts.

"When these members are home in their district, we want to make sure that they're hearing from constituents -- and that they are accountable when they go back to D.C. and they start talking about the details of this plan," she explained.

Details of the campaign to protect Medi-Cal are online at fightforourhealth.org