TUCSON, Ariz. - Thousands of Arizona workers have gotten a pay raise this month, but not everyone is happy about it.

A 2016 referendum raised the state's minimum wage over a four-year period to $12 an hour in 2020. It's given Arizona one of highest minimum-wage rates in the country, and economists say the so-called "living wage" is having a mixed effect.

Hourly workers at hotels, restaurants and retail stores are making more money, but many business owners cite higher expenses as a result. Economist George Hammond - director of the Eller College of Management at the University of Arizona - says predictions that mandatory wage hikes would cost the state thousands of jobs haven't panned out.

"The employment picture, in terms of jobs, it's not clear that there has been a significant negative impact on employment," says Hammond. "In terms of wages, average hourly earnings - both for leisure and hospitality, and retail - have really accelerated since 2017."

According to the federal Bureau of Labor Statistics, Arizona has added about 224,000 jobs since the end of 2016, and the unemployment rate has dropped to 4.7%.

While the number of jobs in Arizona has increased in the past five years, Hammond says factors other than the minimum wage are driving the labor-market explosion.

"We're seeing that wage growth across most sectors in the economy, so not all of it is being driven by the minimum wage," says Hammond. "Some of it's being driven by the fact that the state's unemployment rate has continued to fall - labor markets are getting tighter and firms are just having to compete overall more for workers."

Hammond says the jury is still out on the long-term effects of increasing the minimum wage - but in the short term, it could be making it more expensive to live in some parts of the state.

"We have seen an uptick in inflation in the Phoenix metro area," says Hammond. "The Consumer Price Index for all items for the Phoenix MSA - we've seen inflation rise from 1.6% in 2016 to 4.2% by 2018."

When Proposition 206 passed, Arizona's minimum wage was $8.05 an hour. It has increased about a dollar a year since then, and future increases will be tied to the inflation rate.

Prop 206 also mandates that most hourly workers get paid sick time.


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Michigan legislators are tackling predatory lending practices, aiming to set standards for payday loans and maximum interest rates.

In Kent County alone, with a payday loan volume of $60 million, the House Insurance and Financial Services Committee discussed Senate Bill 632, sponsored by Sen. Sarah Anthony, D-Lansing, which seeks to cap annual interest rates at 36% compared to current rates reaching nearly 400%.

The bill has passed the Senate and is part of a legislative effort including House Bill 5290, sponsored by Rep. Abraham Aiyash, D-Hamtramck.

Dallas Lenear, founder and executive director of Project GREEN, a grassroots economic empowerment network, highlighted concerns about the exploitative nature of these loans.

"Payday loans inevitably are designed in a fashion that is unaffordable for the majority of people who use those loans," Lenear contended.

Lenear pointed out many other states have already capped their interest rate or totally outlawed payday loans because of the financial damage they can cause their citizens and argued it is time for Michigan to do better.

Lenear noted while the payday loan industry believes it offers hope to borrowers in times of need, a study by project GREEN found 78% of respondents said payday loans either prolonged or worsened their financial situation.

"If they've had any experience with it, they'll start to shake their head and they'll say those things are terrible and I was caught in the trap and I would never use those things again. I'd use it out of desperation," Lenear reported.

Advocacy groups such as the Michigan League for Public Policy and the Michigan Catholic Conference testified in support of the bills, to end the predatory practices.

A case before the U.S. Supreme Court could have implications for the country's growing labor movement. Justices will hear oral arguments in Starbucks versus McKinney today to determine if the bar should be raised for the National Labor Relations Board when it seeks to impose court-ordered injunctions on companies.

David Groves, communications director with the Washington State Labor Council, said the Supreme Court could further undermine the power of the NLRB, the independent federal agency that protects employees' rights.

"We already have weak labor laws in this country that have such minor penalties for breaking union organizing laws that companies routinely do it, and this is another opportunity for them to weaken labor laws even further," he argued.

The case involves Starbucks' firing of seven employees in Memphis during their union campaign in 2021. The coffee company says it rehired the workers and denies wrongdoing. If the justices rule in favor of Starbucks, it could make it harder for the NLRB to seek court orders.

Groves said the law states that workers have a right to organize unions in their workplace without coercion or retaliation from their employers.

"That's all fine and good but if the penalty's not significant enough, then they'll just go ahead and break that law and consider it the cost of doing business if they have to pay a fine two years down the road," he explained.

Groves said his and other labor organizations support the passage of the Protecting the Right to Organize or PRO Act in Congress, which would strengthen labor laws, including providing greater authority to the NLRB.


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The U.S. House has approved a measure to expand the Child Tax Credit. It would help 16 million children from low-income families in Indiana and nationwide. Despite bipartisan support, the bill is stalled in the Senate. Advocates praise the credit's pivotal role in combating child poverty, pointing to its effectiveness in the past, and especially during the pandemic, when it was broadly expanded.

Candace Baker, an Indianapolis mother of 4, said the previous tax-credit expansion worked for her family, and she wants it reinstated.

"Having a child, and I had to get on some government-assistance programs. My grandmother never did because she just didn't want that stigma over her, but I utilized those services when I had a child. I didn't want to either, but I'm like, I need this support," she explained.

Congress approved expanding the Child Tax Credit in 2021. However, the expansion has expired, leaving families without vital assistance. As the Senate deliberates, pressure mounts on lawmakers to prioritize the needs of struggling families and secure passage. Opponents believe taxpayers who don't work should not be eligible. Some Republicans also contend the provision may incentivize parents to leave the workforce.

Families reeling from the pandemic received between $300 and $360 per month per child from the expanded tax credit. It lifted 3.7 million children from poverty. Baker currently works for a food bank in Indianapolis where she says she is able to help neighbors in need and give back to the community.

"Being able to be a voice for those who have no voice - that is my motto. Even though where you start, you don't have to stay there. So, that is my biggest motto that I stand on: You may start here, you may be on government assistance, you may be in poverty, but that does not have to be your end game," she said.

Families who benefited from the increased aid were more than twice as likely to pay their overdue rent during the initial stages of the pandemic. The Child Tax Credit did not pass in time for this year's tax deadline, and its prospects for the future are uncertain.


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