BALTIMORE -- While racial disparities in imprisonment in the U.S. have decreased overall, Maryland's is on the rise, according to a new report.

More than 70% of the state's prison population is black, compared with about 30% of the state population.

This is the highest percentage of imprisoned African-Americans in any state in the nation, according to Marc Schindler, executive director of the Justice Policy Institute, which put out the report.

Schindler says the national average is a little over 30%, and he points out that underinvestment in neighborhoods, especially in Baltimore, and harsh crime policies are some of the many reasons for the large racial disparity.

"We have to recognize that within the justice system in Maryland and how the justice system responds doesn't help things," he states. "It actually makes it worse oftentimes, and that includes over policing, very harsh sentencing, restrictive parole practices."

The racial disparities exist even as Maryland's prison population declined by 13% since 2014, according to the report.

Meanwhile, Gov. Larry Hogan just announced four new bills to reduce violent crime that include adding up to 500 additional police officers.

But Schindler maintains what's needed is more investment in programs for young adults, not more policing.

The Justice Policy Institute report shows that the racial difference in prisons is most pronounced among emerging adults ages 18 to 24, who criminal justice reform advocates say are developmentally more like teenagers.

Tyrone Walker, who works with Schindler at the institute, was 19 when he was incarcerated for killing another man. He maintains if he had more resources in his Washington, D.C., neighborhood at the time, he might not have committed the crime.

"They always talk about victims and perpetrators, but no one ever talks about perpetrators being victims," he states. "A lot of us come from these crime-ridden communities with the wrong concept of what a man looks like, what community members are. A lot of us never heard the word 'community.' "

The JPI report suggests that Maryland consider legislation to raise the age of juvenile jurisdiction to 20, following the lead of other states such as Vermont, Illinois and Massachusetts.


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New federal data show aggravated assaults are up in Kentucky by 7.2%, but other types of violent crime have gone down.

Overall, violent crime in Kentucky remains much lower compared to the nation as a whole, said Ashley Spalding, research director at the Kentucky Center for Economic Policy.

"When you compare 2023 to that 2021 peak for violent crime," she said, "we see it's come down significantly since then."

A 2022 Bureau of Justice Statistics survey found younger people and people with lower incomes are far more likely to report being the victim of a violent crime than are higher-income people.

Spalding said laws such as House Bill 5, which lawmakers passed earlier this year, will drive up the number of people in the state's prisons and jails without addressing the root cause of crime.

"High rates of incarceration in communities are associated with higher rates of overdose deaths," she said. "The more that states make harsher criminal penalties for opioids like fentanyl, can put communities more at risk."

She said the policies in the bill are expected to cost the state an estimated $1 billion over the next decade. That money, she contended, could go toward health care, shelters and other resources that help communities.

"It would be the wrong direction for Kentucky to pass more harmful, harsh, regressive criminal legal system policies in 2025," she said.

According to the Pew Research Center, at least 60% of U.S. adults have said they believe there is more crime nationally than there was the year before, despite an ongoing downward trend in crime rates.

Hundreds of people from across Michigan gathered in Lansing this week, urging House Speaker Joe Tate, D-Detroit and Senate Majority Leader Winnie Brinks, D-Grand Rapids, to advance the Second Look Sentencing Act to improve prison safety. The legislation allows people serving long sentences to have their cases reviewed for possible sentence reductions based on factors such as rehabilitation. The crowd included formerly incarcerated people who've turned their lives around and their families, victims of crime, prison staff and lawmakers.

Chuck Warpehoski, projects director with Michigan Collaborative to End Mass Incarceration, warned there is a prison staffing crisis in Michigan.

"We're seeing it in nursing, we're seeing it in child care, we're seeing it on the shop floor, we're seeing it with baristas. When it happens in a prison and people are forced to work mandatory double shifts, they're tired, they're not seeing their family -- it creates unsafe conditions for everyone," he said.

Warpehoski added they're urging lawmakers to pass the Second Look Act during this lame-duck session before they go home for the holidays.

He also pointed out the high costs of incarcerating people -- up to $48,000 per year, per person. He added that with the failed pay incentives to attract more staff, he believes it's clear a different solution is needed. Warpehoski shared some of the feedback they received.

"A lot of legislators and their staff said, hey, this makes sense -- and so it was a really, really positive response from not every office, but from a large number of offices we had meetings with," he continued.

Warpehoski stressed that Second Look legislation focuses on fairness by offering the possibility of release for individuals who have rehabilitated and are no longer a threat to society.

Advocates of criminal-justice reform warn the passage of Proposition 36 will mean a sharp reduction in funds to anti-crime initiatives. The measure raises the penalties for certain drug and theft crimes, making more of them felonies that carry jail time.

Will Matthews, a spokesperson for Californians for Safety and Justice, a nonprofit public-safety advocacy organization, said voters were fed false promises that Prop. 36 would reduce property crime by forcing more people to choose between treatment and incarceration.

"It really was a disingenuous initiative that now will result in billions of dollars being diverted away from treating addiction, treating mental illness, and helping folks coming home from a period of incarceration," he said.

Prop. 36 repeals parts of Proposition 47, which funneled the savings from reduced prison costs into programs designed to combat poverty and addiction - the root causes of crime.

Christopher Hallenbrook, a political science professor with Cal State Dominguez Hills, agrees that Prop 36 will cost the state hundreds of millions of dollars, money he says will be diverted from anti-crime initiatives.

"There's no way you can pass '36' and not put more people in jail. The more money you're spending on incarceration, the less money you're spending on other things," Hallenbrook stated. "That is definitely an accurate assessment for Prop. 36 and it seems to be one that voters decided they were OK with."

Prop. 36 was largely funded by such retail giants as Home Depot, Target and Walmart, hoping that the prospect of higher penalties would deter retail crime.


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