Many backers of the bipartisan infrastructure package hail the number of jobs it's supposed to create - an average of 1.5 million jobs annually for 10 years. Advocates for equal pay say as those jobs roll out, it's important to make sure women and people of color get access to them.
Wendy Chun-Hoon, director of the Women's Bureau at the U.S. Department of Labor, said women and especially women of color often are often in the lowest-paid jobs - although they're some of the most important, like child care and elder care.
"We have to address raising both wages in these underpaid jobs, undervalued jobs, because of long-held structural racism and sexism in our country," said Chun-Hoon. "And we have to increase the number of women who are in some of these higher-paying jobs."
Fewer than 4% of specialized jobs in construction and extraction fields are filled by women. Chun-Hoon noted the Women's Bureau has a grants program, called "Women in Apprenticeship and Non-Traditional Occupations," to expand women's pathways to these careers.
Sasha Goodfriend - executive director of the Massachusetts Chapter of the National Organization for Women - noted the Commonwealth's equal-pay law means employers cannot request information about a person's past salary before making an offer, and they cannot retaliate against workers for discussing their pay.
She urged workers to have those conversations.
"Before this law, you could be fired for sharing what your salary was," said Goodfriend. "And so, I know it's uncomfortable, because we've been taught that it's not something we're supposed to talk about."
Celia J. Blue, president and CEO of the Massachusetts Women of Color Coalition, said it's also important to be educated about your industry.
"There's so many tools out there today, that you could easily find out what is your industry, what's the average pay, what's the range?" said Blue. "Arm yourself with [that], going into any job, or even if you're already in the job."
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The gender gap in Ohio politics persists, and President Donald Trump's new executive order eliminating federal diversity programs is expected to create more challenges for women and other underrepresented groups in public service.
Ohio Women in Government is among the organizations working to bridge this gap by offering scholarships to students who take unpaid internships in state government. The group's vice president-elect, Andrea Harless, said the $1,500 awards are designed to alleviate financial burdens, especially for those from socioeconomically disadvantaged backgrounds.
"There are young women that just do not have the financial means to come to Columbus for a summer and pay to have an unpaid internship, and that does create barriers," she said. "It's very real for a lot of people."
Applications for the current round of scholarships will close today with another round planned for later in the year. More information on the scholarships is online at OhioWomenInGovernment.com.
The elimination of diversity programs has drawn criticism from organizations advocating for equitable representation. Catherine Turcer, executive director of Common Cause Ohio, argued that women continue to face systemic obstacles in entering and advancing in government, including disparities in campaign funding and policy influence.
"Diversity doesn't mean that we're not inviting people who are very qualified to the table," she said. "It means we're trying to have a diversity of opinions so that, in fact, we can create good public policy that we can address the needs for all the people in the country."
She added that eliminating these initiatives weakens government institutions by limiting diverse perspectives in policymaking.
Ohio Women in Government president-elect Julia Wynn encouraged young women to pursue public service.
"It starts with making sure that young women have faith in themselves to be the decisionmaker for their communities," she said.
Wynn said the more women who rise up and understand the legislative process, the more that can be accomplished.
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A long-time New Mexico community organizer is one of several women who have put the state on the map this year for having the largest percentage of women serving as lawmakers.
State Rep. Sarah Silva, a Democrat who represents Doña Ana County and a portion of Otero County, wants lawmakers to address infrastructure in Chaparral, the state's largest unincorporated community, where she said there are long waits for an ambulance, limited fire fighting capabilities and no animal control agency.
"It has anywhere between 20,000 and 26,000 people, it's been growing significantly since 2020 and there's no local government," she said. "So, I've been working with local officials to try and secure $10 million for a public safety facility."
Chaparral is officially part of the Las Cruces metro area, but the 60-square mile region is primarily a bedroom community for the neighboring city of El Paso, Texas.
During President Donald Trump's first term, Silva said, he expressed an appetite for going after immigrants - and she thinks he now has more tools to make that happen. She said she thinks New Mexico's advocacy groups are doing a good job of educating immigrants about their rights, but added that more people need to resist what she called "obeying in advance."
"We need more school administrators, we need more sheriffs, we need more neighbors, we need more churches and congregations standing up for the immigrant community," she said. "Many, many more of us need to start caring and then putting that care into action."
Silva also wants lawmakers to update New Mexico's shield law that protects news reporters - which she said hasn't been revised since 1978.
"So, the definition of a journalist is very outdated," she said, "as is the definition of mediums of communication - that doesn't include anything involving the internet or electronic communication."
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Women surveyed about why they stayed in an abusive relationship often said they did not have the money to leave.
Now, a bill introduced in the New Mexico Legislature is aimed to help them.
Rep. Pamelya Herndon, D-Albuquerque, sponsor of House Bill 57, said it would have the court determine whether an abuse survivor is indigent and cannot pay for legal help. If so, the court would assign a lawyer to represent them.
When she's not at the Roundhouse, Herndon runs a nonprofit law center.
"I come in contact with far too many individuals who are facing situations where they are trying to get custody of their children, they're trying to make sure there's funds for their children or housing, for that matter," Herndon reported. "I see it too many times on a regular basis."
Relationship abuse, which is estimated to affect one in three American women, often includes being stripped of financial resources. Herndon noted those without money for an attorney are often forced to represent themselves in court, which she added is rarely successful if the partner in the abusive relationship can afford professional services.
Herndon said her bill is modeled after similar legislation in New York state.
"I know New Mexico is not New York but we have some of the highest rates of domestic violence in the entire country," Herndon stressed. "Too many people are not represented who should be, to make sure they have access to justice."
Data from Women Against Abuse shows Oklahoma had the highest rate of violence against women in 2024, followed by Kentucky, Missouri, Nevada and Alaska. And a United Nations report from last year showed 140 women and girls each day were killed by an intimate partner or family member.
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