Missouri is among the states set to receive infrastructure funding for plugging what are known as orphan, or abandoned, oil and gas wells.

Uncapped orphan wells release methane, which is 80 times more potent at trapping heat than carbon dioxide over its first 20 years in the atmosphere.

Amber Steele, geological survey program director of the Missouri Geological Survey for the Missouri Department of Natural Resources, said oil and gas companies bankrupted by declining energy prices have left more than 4,000 abandoned wells across the state, many uncapped.

"They can be dangerous, because a lot of the land has converted into residential or agriculture or industrial use," Steele explained. "Those wells are still out there, and a lot of them can leak methane gas. There's also the threat of contamination to groundwater with having those open wells."

The federal infrastructure bill includes $1.15 billion for plugging abandoned wells across the nation, with roughly $32 million intended for Missouri.

Steele pointed out Missouri's oil and gas production has been ongoing since the mid-1800s.

"We've only had regulations since the 1970s," Steele noted. "Since the wells have been there for a long period of time, we're hoping that gives us the opportunity to inventory them, find out exactly how much it's going to cost to plug them, and get those wells plugged. "

Steele added while more than 4,000 abandoned wells is a large number, other states such as Texas and Pennsylvania produce millions of gallons of oil each year, and have far more abandoned wells.

According to the White House, the oil and gas industry accounts for 30% of the nation's methane emissions.

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.

Frankfort is one of a number of communities across Kentucky grappling with a deluge of flash flooding from torrential rainfall over the past several days. More than a foot of rain in some parts of the state has caused rivers to rise, leading to evacuations along the Kentucky River.

Emergency officials have asked Frankfort residents to keep conserving water while the city works to bounce back.

Layne Wilkerson, mayor of Frankfort, said three shelters remain open, and encouraged residents to call the city's hotline, at 502-352-2252, for nonemergency help.

"We have people standing by to answer any questions, to make sure you get to the right area, and we'll make sure that you're taken care of," Wilkerson emphasized.

All state offices were closed on Monday. The widespread flooding across central and western Kentucky has caused numerous roadway closures and has, so far, killed two people: a nine-year-old child was swept away by floodwaters in Frankfort and a Nelson County adult was found submerged in a car.

Gov. Andy Beshear said the weather event is not over until the waters have receded, until the flooded areas are fully dry and until the ground, which could create mudslides over roads and bridges, is no longer saturated.

"Do not drive through water. Do not move barricades," Beshear urged. "Because remember, if you do that, you're not just making a bad decision for yourself. You could cause the harm or even death to that next person that comes along."

The Ohio River at Louisville is at 64 feet, double its normal depth, and flood walls closed Friday in preparation. The Ohio River at Paducah is at 45 feet, higher than even during the February floods. The Kentucky River at Frankfort is also flooded at nearly 49 feet, much higher than its normal depths of less than 20 feet, according to the United States Geological Survey.

This story is based on original reporting by Sarah Ladd and Liam Niemeyer for the Kentucky Lantern.


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New Mexico conservation advocates say the state's budget awaiting the governor's signature would make great strides in addressing climate change and protecting public health.

Justin Garoutte, advocate, climate and energy with the group Conservation Voters New Mexico, highlighted 21 bills awaiting the governor's signature that will protect air, land, water and wildlife resources. He said Senate Bill 48, known as the Community Benefit Fund, would be a groundbreaking investment in adapting to climate change through locally driven projects that strengthen communities and create jobs, including jobs for those employed in the extraction industry.

"So, helping workers in the oil and gas industry or other industries transition to more clean jobs - there's 17-million that's going to the workforce solutions department for clean-energy worker training," he explained.

SB 48, which passed by a vote of 39 to 26, would provide grants for infrastructure and clean energy projects that reduce pollution, improve resiliency against extreme weather, and enhance grid reliability in cities and towns across the state. The governor has until April 11th to approve spending for fiscal year 2026, which begins on July 1st and ends on June 30th next year.

Garoutte said with state guidance, individual communities could implement projects unique to their region, prioritizing rural and underserved communities.

"The end goal is ensuring that we as a state continue advancing to protect our communities from the impacts of climate change that we're feeling now, right? We have to adapt, we have to do mitigation efforts, and we just want to keep moving forward as a state when we don't see that at the federal level," he continued.

Legislation included in the next budget includes two transportation provisions. $60 million for electric vehicle charging infrastructure for school districts and improved pedestrian and bicycle infrastructure are part of the spending plan.


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Large, energy-intense buildings used in Bitcoin mining, cloud computing and artificial intelligence data processing industries could become more common in West Virginia under legislation being considered by lawmakers.

Advocacy groups said high-impact data centers pose environmental and public health risks for communities.

Morgan King, climate and energy program manager for the West Virginia Citizen Action Group, pointed out Mingo, Mason and Tucker counties have already seen data center growth, along with an increased strain on natural resources. She added under House Bill 2014, such facilities would not be required to follow local zoning, land use or noise ordinances.

"These centers can take up anywhere from three to four square miles of land that will be repurposed for construction of these buildings for data centers," King explained. "Even more, they require an intense water use and energy use."

The bill would allow companies to develop independent energy grids using coal and gas. Supporters of the legislation, including West Virginia Gov. Patrick Morrisey, argued the bill would bring significant investment to the state.

The bill places no limits on how much of the water supply these facilities can draw upon. King noted in neighboring Virginia, some data centers are using nearly a million gallons of water a day.

"It doesn't put any restrictions on the facility, which could have an impact on local water resources," King emphasized. "It also requires that the power generation of coal throughout the state be remaining at a 69% base load."

She added there is increased exposure to light and sound pollution for residents and disruption of wildlife habitats.

"One of these centers is posed for Tucker County, right outside of Davis, that's in one of the most beautiful natural areas of the state," King observed. "If we put a data center in there, it's going to create a lot of noise and light pollution that will impact local ecosystems."

Energy experts are concerned data centers could lead to higher electricity bills for Mountain State households, and worsen communities' climate change resilience.


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