Pennsylvania is one of the largest contributors to greenhouse-gas pollution in the U-S, and the Environmental Protection Agency wants input on a plan to do more to reduce methane emissions in oil and gas development.

The EPA proposal would require curbing methane emissions at existing oil and gas wells in addition to new sites.

Barbara Jarmoska, a board member for the Responsible Decarbonization Alliance, said methane is a more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide, and regulating it can be one of the primary ways to slow global warming.

"When you look at what is Pennsylvania's greatest insult, what activities in Pennsylvania produce the greatest concern, it is certainly methane release," she said, "and one of the primary factors in that is these hundreds and hundreds of unplugged, methane-leaking wells."

In her own neighborhood, Jarmoska said there's a massive project involving 80 new wells and a high-pressure gas line under construction.

The public can weigh in on the EPA's proposal in writing through Feb. 13.

Jarmoska and other Pennsylvanians voiced their concerns in a three-day virtual public hearing this month. Some groups have stressed that the new rules should ban "flaring," the process of burning off gas at well sites. Jarmoska said another concern is the prospect of future methane use, since Pennsylvania looks to build out what's being called the hydrogen hub. It's gotten bipartisan support, but she said it's a controversial process.

"Blue hydrogen is just another way to create demand for methane, fossil methane gas, and so we cannot allow this transition to happen," she said. "But it is being driven by the gas industry, acceptance of blue hydrogen as this new and wonderful solution to climate change."

She explained that "blue hydrogen" involves creating energy with the natural gas from fracking and steam, and then capturing the carbon dioxide that is also produced and storing it underground. Some business groups are hoping to win a bid to build a hydrogen hub in Philadelphia.

Retired U.S. Army Brig. Gen. Steve Anderson said he thinks it's important for the EPA to do more to fight climate change as a national security issue. He said he sees it as a threat not only to the United States but as a source of instability abroad as well. Anderson said he believes a transition to renewable energy will boost employment in this fast-growing field.

"There's all kinds of renewable energies that I believe will not only reduce our reliance on oil and on the carbon-based fuels," he said, "but provide opportunities to develop a truly green economy that'll put a lot of the people that are presently working in coal mines and in the oil industry, put them to work installing solar panels and wind turbines."/pages/Article.aspx?post=91.

A new documentary looked at ways to reduce the human and environmental harms stemming from the mining of "critical minerals."

Without minerals like cobalt, nickel and lithium, there would be no cellphones, electric vehicles, solar panels or long-storage batteries.

Mira Rubio, who directed the documentary for the Trade Justice Education Fund, said people in mining communities often do dangerous work for poverty-level wages.

"In cobalt mines in the Democratic Republic of Congo, people, including children, who are making cents on the dollar, digging minerals that are ending up in $80,000 Teslas or iPhones, they're risking their health and yet they may never have access to clean air or stable electricity," Rubio pointed out.

She noted mining has also led to widespread deforestation and toxic pollution. The film, "CRITICAL MINERALS: Creating a Just & Sustainable Clean Energy Transition," will be screened at the Social and Economic Justice Film Festival in San Francisco next week.

Advocates want the government to use its arguments to negotiate agreements to enforce labor rights and environmental protections. They also support an international standard called free, prior, and informed consent, which would guard against corporate exploitation of indigenous communities.

Rubio explained the nation may already have enough aboveground minerals to meet much of the global demand, if products were designed to be recovered and reused rather than trashed.

"If we can mine less and use the minerals that are already out there by using a circular economic model, that would really help reduce the amount of emissions we're putting out and help make the transition more sustainable," Rubio contended.

Minnesotans are cooling off after last weekend's extreme heat but communities bearing the brunt of environmental injustice said there will be more climate extremes to contend with, prompting heightened outreach.

Researchers said the harmful impact of climate change is one of the drivers behind Latino populations migrating to the Midwest.

Josefina Gerónimo said destructive wildfires brought her from California to Minnesota. She acknowledged the move does not mean extreme weather events and other environmental harms are gone and noted her family is still prepared in case they are forced to evacuate.

"(We've packed) an extra pair of clothes, water bottles, maps, flashlights; an emergency to-go bag," Gerónimo explained.

It is not just preparations on her mind, since Gerónimo is a leader on the environmental justice committee for Minnesota's Communities Organizing Latino Power and Action. The panel is trying to foster more grassroots conversations about topics such as air pollution disproportionately harming Latino neighborhoods and an equitable transition to clean energy.

Gerónimo pointed out the topics came up in a collaboration with the Metropolitan Council as it develops a regional climate action plan for pursuing local strategies to reduce emissions. She added voices aligned with her group provided their input, and she hopes it will lead to more community engagement.

"A lot of the people that participated, they felt motivated after that collaboration to work on other projects or maybe attend their neighborhood association meetings," Gerónimo observed. "And maybe get more involved beyond the 'Hey, let's clean up for Earth Day!'"

Education is part of this outreach, with occasional periods of smoke from Canadian wildfires and other air quality issues affecting the communities. Committee members can recommend online tools to monitor the threats. Seeing it first hand out West, Gerónimo stressed Latino residents need more guidance on where to go and how not to be exploited during a climate emergency.

"Communities of color may not have as many resources," Gerónimo emphasized. "(They) may be victims to price gouging as they're trying to evacuate, trying to find a hotel or they don't know where evacuation zones are."

As federal electric vehicle incentives face potential rollbacks, a new study is highlighting the burden of gasoline costs on Black and Latino drivers, and policy interventions which can support equitable EV adoption to help ease the burden.

The Fuel Equity Report shows Blacks and Latinos are "superusers" of gasoline, spending on average 15% of their paycheck to fuel their cars. In Illinois, residents pay the second-highest gas taxes in the nation.

Shelly Francis, confounder and director of the advocacy group EVHybridNoire, said systemic factors like disinvestment in public transportation, economic segregation and long commute times all contribute to the disproportionate effects.

"They're also more likely on average to be driving these older, less fuel efficient cars due to income as well as financing barriers that they may experience," Francis pointed out.

The study says EV adoption could save Blacks and Latinos an average of $4,900 a year on fuel and maintenance but barriers like affordability, charging access and education persist.

The report found the top 10% of Black and Latino gasoline users are generally concentrated in smaller cities and rural areas with Chicago being an outlier hotspot. Francis noted the clusters are also where people are most disproportionately affected by air pollution.

"From a public health standpoint, overexposure is really detrimental to one's health," Francis emphasized. "Increasing your risk for a number of different types of cancer, a lot of respiratory diseases and illnesses. "

The study suggests targeted policies to encourage equitable adoption of EV for Black and Latino communities, including enhancing purchase incentives, expanding financing options, and increasing charging infrastructure in communities where top gasoline users live.

Francis stressed addressing the big misinformation gap about EVs is also crucial.

"Pushing more of those types of stories out there to show like the everyday driver," Francis urged. "It's not some fancy person living out in a castle somewhere, (it's) just regular folks who are trying to work, make ends meet and provide for their families."