February is American Heart Month, and an Arizona expert said it is important to know the signs of a heart attack versus cardiac arrest.

Dr. Wilber Su, director of Cardiac Electrophysiology at Banner Health in Phoenix, said both are medical emergencies requiring immediate lifesaving attention, but they are different conditions.

He explained a heart attack happens when a blocked artery affects blood flow, and blood carries oxygen to the heart. Cardiac arrest involves the sudden malfunctioning of the heart's electrical impulse, which means it stops pumping.

Su urged if you think you're having either one, call 911 as soon possible.

"Call for help and start chest compressions," Su advised. "Because then, somebody has to keep the blood circulating to provide blood flow to the brain, a vital organ, so that we can keep the person alive."

Su noted arteries are often blocked by a buildup of fat or cholesterol. Some of the most common heart-attack signs include tightness, pressure or an aching sensation in the chest which can spread through the upper body, plus shortness of breath, fatigue and dizziness.

Cardiac arrest is a leading cause of death in the U.S., with more than 356,000 cases a year, 90% of which are fatal.

Dr. Ravi Johar, chief medical officer at UnitedHealthcare, said a cardiac arrest can happen to a teenager playing baseball, who's hit by a ball at the exact moment in the heartbeat cycle to disrupt it. He added family medical history and genetics can help determine if someone is prone to experience cardiac arrest or a heart attack. Screening and tests are encouraged for those with high-risk family history.

"Things like Marfan syndrome increases the risk of aneurysms and abnormal blood flow to the heart, and things of that sort," Johar outlined. "There can be some genetic consequences. There can also be genetic history; if your parents had problems with their hearts, there's a higher likelihood that you may."

Experts say routine cardiac care can help ensure a better quality of life, especially as a person ages, including getting EKGs and ultrasounds, which can help prevent many issues further down the road.

As the new year unfolds, rural health providers in North Dakota and other states will continue to have extra latitude in using telehealth technology. But a temporary extension of key rules still leaves uncertainty.

When Congress avoided a government shutdown in late December, it approved a funding resolution that runs through mid-March. For the next few months, that plan keeps in place relaxed telehealth regulations for people on Medicare that started during the pandemic.

Even though telehealth use has declined since the COVID emergency ended, said Brad Gibbens, deputy director of the Center for Rural Health at the University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences, this option is still useful in remote areas.

"People can not only stay in their own community and interact with a physician or another type of provider and not having to travel," he said, "they can actually, in many cases, do this right out of their home."

He added that because these interactions are timelier, telehealth cuts down on health-care costs by reducing hospital admissions. A number of health organizations want the relaxed rules made permanent, so providers can better plan for them and patients don't lose continuity.

Telehealth access has bipartisan support, but skeptics have voiced concerns about privacy breaches and lower quality of care.

Gibbens stressed that telehealth should not be seen as a replacement for in-person visits. When the situation allows, he said, doctors still prefer having a patient come see them.

"They feel they get more of a review of the patient by seeing their body language and how they react," he said, "and it's kind of the nature of medicine."

However, Gibbens disagreed with assertions that there's a dropoff in the level of care when the visit happens online. He said that for patents in areas with very limited provider access or transportation gaps, telehealth is better than no care at all. He added that broadband investments have helped smaller clinics overcome technology barriers in enhancing online appointments.


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Holidays are traditionally a slow time for blood donations, but recent events have made the need for people to give blood and plasma in the Magnolia State even more urgent.

Following the deaths and injuries from a terrorist attack in New Orleans in the early hours of New Year's Day, Mississippi officials have pitched in to supply blood for victims of the violence. As a member of the Blood Emergency Readiness Corps, Mississippi Blood Services is supporting the efforts of the Blood Center of New Orleans.

Kasey Dickson, Mississippi Blood Services' director of public relations and marketing, said they have immediate needs.

"We are desperately looking for individuals that are eligible to donate platelets," she said, "as well as individuals with the blood types of O, negative or positive, and B, negative or positive."

Dickson said the agency is contacting its list of regular donors as well as putting out a call for new ones. Donations can be made at the blood centers in Flowood, in Cleveland and Oxford, and at mobile vans around the state. To find one, look online at MSBlood.com or call 888-90-BLOOD (888-902-5663).
Dixon said donors need to be at least 17 years old, be in general good health and complete a health history questionnaire. Approved individuals can donate about every two months, platelets every seven days, and plasma once a month.

"Fortunately, the donors of Mississippi helped get our supply ready, and we were able to ship enough products to assist the Blood Center of New Orleans ahead of time," she said. "And now, we're wanting to replenish our supply, so we can continue those efforts to help them."

Dickson said it was an honor to help another state with blood in its time of need, but added that it's equally important to care for Mississippians. She said people need to remember that blood isn't created, it's given.

"Blood itself can only be donated," she said. "It cannot be manufactured in a tube or re-created in a tube, so it has to be given from person to person."


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With the 2025 legislative session around the corner, the nonprofit advocacy group Alabama Arise said it plans to take aim at poverty and systemic challenges that hit families the hardest.

Big issues like health care access, public transportation and unfair court fines often weigh on lower-income families.

Robyn Hyden, executive director of Alabama Arise, said it is time for state leaders to step up and tackle the concerns.

"Our state, because we underfund state government and we underfund our court systems, we heavily rely on fines and fees that really disproportionately hurt low-income families and working families," Hyden contended.

Hyden believes cutting court fines and fees could be life-changing for some, freeing up money for essentials like food and health care. She highlighted the need for Medicaid expansion, removing the grocery tax and protecting voting rights as top priorities for 2025. State legislators have so far refused to expand Medicaid.

One of the most pressing issues Alabama Arise wants to see addressed is health care during and after pregnancy since the state has among the highest rates of maternal and infant mortality. A new report from Pregnancy Justice shows Alabama led the nation with 104 prosecutions of pregnant people in the year following the Dobbs decision.

Hyden stressed she wants to see an end to the state criminalizing pregnancy-related issues and instead, improving access to prenatal care.

"We don't think that women should be prosecuted because they have a miscarriage," Hyden emphasized. "We believe that health care providers should be able to provide lifesaving care to women in those situations. And we believe that when women are given drugs during labor, which does happen, they should not then be incarcerated or have their children removed."

The legislative session begins in February. Hyden added Alabama Arise is planning an advocacy day in March to unite voices in support of low-income and working families.