Advocates in North Carolina and nationally are calling on decision makers to expand the use of climate-informed wildlife crossings.

Given the vast number of miles of roadways in the U.S., the nation has relatively few wildlife crossings compared to Europe and Canada. This week advocates released a joint statement calling on Congress and state lawmakers to expand the use of climate-informed wildlife crossings to create safer conditions for animals and motorists.

Federal government research estimated there are 1-2 million collisions between vehicles and large animals in the U.S. each year.

Ron Sutherland, chief scientist for the Wildlands Network and a resident of Durham, said well-designed crossings can improve safety for animals and humans.

"Directional fencing that you put along the highway, if you do it in the right way, you can actually steer the animals to the crossing structures, and the combination of fencing and structures either overpasses or underpasses," Sutherland explained. "That's what leads to reducing the level of wildlife vehicle collisions by as much as 90%."

The 2021 Infrastructure bill set aside $350 million for a wildlife crossings pilot program, but advocates are calling on Congress to create permanent federal funding, incorporating the costs of planning and construction, along with ongoing maintenance and monitoring needs.

In studying different designs, and which species prefer what kinds of crossings, Sutherland pointed out researchers are able to site underpasses or overpasses based on which species need accommodation at particular locations.

Advocates are calling for climate-informed designs to not only support animal migration in response to climate change, but to help roads survive extreme weather events.

"The design of these crossing structures can actually increase the ability of the road to survive climate disaster events, like major floods, by creating these large gaps under the highway," Sutherland noted. "Along streams and rivers, you provide room for animals to go underneath, but when there's a major flood, because we get 12 inches of rain, then the road doesn't wash out."

Advocates said the current federal pilot is a small fraction of what's ultimately needed. Sutherland emphasized in North Carolina alone, researchers identified the top 20 places to locate wildlife crossings, but another 159 locations are also seen as highly needed.

When the conversation turns to cost, Sutherland takes a longer view.

"From a safety standpoint, the crossing structures pay for themselves easily over time, if you put them in the right places," Sutherland contended. "In terms of reduced collisions with these large bodied animals, they can cost tens of thousands of dollars for one of these crashes, and so it doesn't take that many of them to pay for a crossing."

Support for this reporting was provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts.

The state Department of Natural Resources and Iowa State University are looking for volunteers to help create a new Bumble Bee Atlas.

Bees are an important part of the ecosystem, and scientists are figuring out their habitats to help them thrive.

Iowa is home to at least 14 species of bumble bees that help pollinate native wildflowers and flowering crops in farm fields and backyard gardens.

Iowa State University University Professor of Sustainable Agriculture and plant pathologist Matt O'Neal said the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service recently listed several bee species as endangered.

"And that includes the Rusty Patch bumble bee," said O'Neal, "20% of what it used to be, and that includes parts of Iowa. There is also evidence that other bumble species are in decline and so, this survey will give us a chance to see where those bees are and how abundant they are."

With that information, O'Neal said scientists can work to protect the bees' habitats and create Iowa's Bumble Bee Atlas.

It's part of a larger project to map the bees and foster bee development nationwide. Sign up online to volunteer.

The national project is part of a collaboration with the Xerces Society for Invertebrate Conservation.

Some 900 people have volunteered for the national atlas project, and counted more than 20,000 bumble bees - which O'Neal said face several major threats.

"Pesticide exposure, parasite and pathogens," said O'Neal, "and then the last 'P,' and probably the most important, is poor forage."

The researchers will work to alleviate those threats by knowing where the bees are.

Volunteers have discovered species thought to be gone from their states, contributed to new field guides, and improved scientists' understanding of bumble bee populations across the country.




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A coalition of conservation groups has sued the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service for refusing to relist wolves under the Endangered Species Act.

Helena-based Alliance for the Wild Rockies is part of the suit. The Alliance sued to successfully overturn the wolf's delisting in 2012 but the move fell victim to congressional funding bill negotiations.

Mike Garrity, executive director of the alliance, said the wolves clearly qualify to be protected under the Act and hunting is driving down their numbers, which could cause problems for the animals.

"As their numbers decline, they are at greater risk for inbreeding," Garrity pointed out. "Once inbreeding sets in, the population is sunk."

Livestock and cattle owners argued wolves are a threat to their flocks and herds and want their numbers reduced. The suit was filed in federal District Court in Missoula.

Beyond keeping a robust population of wolves on Montana's lands and helping their species thrive, Garrity noted wolves can also help reduce the population of diseased animals.

"We're starting to have disease in deer, such as Chronic Wasting Disease," Garrity explained. "Predators like wolves are really good at focusing on the sick animals, so that's an excellent way to control Chronic Wasting Disease."

Garrity added wolf management policies in Montana, Idaho and Wyoming, all of which allow aggressive hunting of the animals, fail to protect wolves and all native species for future generations, the primary mandate of the Endangered Species Act.

A lawsuit over a federal agency's decision not to boost wolf protections in New Mexico and other western states has been filed, days after video surfaced showing the torture of a captured wolf.

According to accounts, a Wyoming man ran the wolf down with a snowmobile in late February, disabling it. He then took it to a local bar and posed for photos before shooting it.

Erik Molvar, executive director of the Western Watersheds Project, said federal protections under the Endangered Species Act are essential because there are still those who don't respect wildlife.

"That's why wolves were driven extinct in the first place, is because these types of people were the ones who controlled the public policy discussion throughout much of the 20th century when wolves were driven extinct," he said.

In early February, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service declined to restore protections for gray wolves in western states. The agency said it concluded the animals weren't in danger of extinction under the Endangered Species Act.

The lawsuit was filed by the Western Environmental Law Center on behalf of Western Watersheds and a coalition of nine other conservation groups.

Molvar believes the federal agency's decision not to re-designate western wolves as "endangered" was profoundly misguided. He said some states such as New Mexico and Colorado have adopted extra penalties for killing wolves, but the Endangered Species Act lets hunters in other states off the hook if they claim it was a case of mistaken identity.

"There were special loopholes for Wyoming, Idaho and Montana - and also parts of Oregon, Washington and Utah - so it does beg the question of how often this is happening quietly and under the radar," he explained.

In Wyoming, wolves and coyotes, which are considered predators, aren't eligible for protections under the state's animal cruelty statute. To date, the only penalty inflicted on the person shown on social media tormenting the wolf was a $250 fine by the Wyoming Game and Fish Department.