Two recent reports take aim at improving health across the United States and the world.

A report from the World Health Organization found that the world is off track to meet a global goal of reducing sodium intake. Every member state of the WHO pledged to reduce sodium intake by 30% by 2025, but only nine countries have adopted policies that will achieve that goal.

The WHO's Sodium Scorecard shows that the United States has policies in place to reduce sodium, albeit not to the organization's recommended levels.

Dr. Julie Chen, an internal-medicine physician at Kaiser Permanente, noted that people can check food packaging at the grocery store, and described low-sodium meal preparation options.

"Things like garlic, lemon," she said. "Many of the ingredients that are aromatic but do not contain sodium are good ways to flavor foods but decrease the salt content of the meal."

Chen added that canned and pre-packaged foods might have more sodium than people realize. According to the U.S. Department of Agriculture's 2020 to 2025 Dietary Guidelines, Americans should consume less than 2,300 milligrams of sodium per day as part of a healthy eating pattern. However, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention found that, on average, Americans consume at least 3,400 milligrams of sodium per day.

Research from the American College of Cardiology found that low-carb, high-fat diets such as Keto are actually not as healthy as they might appear. Researchers found there's a causal relationship between going on these kinds of diets and having high levels of "bad" cholesterol, which can lead to a heightened risk of chest pain and heart attack.

Chen said healthy eating habits often don't start with food.

"The best diet to be on is one that the patient will stick with and have a better balance to ensure the patients are getting all the nutrients their bodies require," she said.

Chen recommended the Mediterranean Diet, which emphasizes fruits, vegetables, whole grains and fish or poultry instead of red meats. The Cleveland Clinic found that the diet can be great for improving heart health blood pressure.

This week, Gov. Joe Lombardo vetoed Senate Bill 239, which would have allowed medical aid in dying in Nevada.

The bill would have given mentally competent and terminally ill adults the option to obtain a medical prescription for a peaceful death if they chose to use it.

Hanna Olivas, a terminally ill Nevadan who voted for Lombardo, said she is disappointed, angry and frustrated, calling his decision a "cowardly act." Olivas acknowledged no one wants to think about dying, but for those with terminal illnesses, preparation and keeping their medical autonomy is paramount.

"I absolutely do not want to be in a hospital or in hospice," Olivas emphasized. "And the governor is basically saying 'Well, too bad. Too bad for you. Too bad for your family. And too bad for any other person who is facing a terminal diagnosis.'"

In a statement, the governor said, "while end-of-life decisions are never easy," he could not support a bill allowing what he terms "physician-assisted suicide." He also said he did not feel "comfortable" signing the bill into law due to "recent progress in science and medicine."

Sara Manns, Nevada campaign director for the Compassion & Choices Action Network, called it "absurd and cruel" for the governor to suggest palliative care can alleviate suffering at the end of life, when it is not always the case.

Manns said state lawmakers heard testimony confirming the realities from patients' families and from doctors. Manns thinks the veto statement disregards Nevadans and their experiences.

"We have to really examine what happened here, and figure out how we're going to win in light of this veto, which went against record high polling numbers in support of aid-in-dying access for Nevadans," Manns pointed out. "Thousands of phone calls, thousands of petitions, thousands of emails."

Manns added advocates are already looking at different strategies to continue their fight to grant the right to medical aid-in-dying to terminally ill Nevadans.

North Dakota officials are urging people receiving health coverage through a key public program to stay on top of their renewal if they are still eligible. It follows the end of pandemic rules for Medicaid. At the start of the COVID crisis, Congress paved the way for states to keep people continuously enrolled in Medicaid. But with the public health emergency over, states such as North Dakota are unwinding the provision.

Krista Fremming, interim medical services division director of the North Dakota Department of Health and Human Services explained when they recently sent out renewal notices, only one in three people returned them. She pointed out it is possible that some people found other options, but her team suspects many who still need help did not take the necessary steps to secure it.

"For the forms that were returned, about seven in ten people still qualified," she added. "So, that gives a good indication that many of the unreturned forms are for people who would still qualify. And we want to continue their coverage, if they do. "

She said more than 4,000 people were disenrolled last Wednesday. The state carried out a media campaign, as well as outreach with providers, in hopes of ensuring recipients knew the forms were mailed to them. Fremming said the state is exploring other ways to connect with members. Those who were disenrolled have 90 days to return the forms to receive back-dated Medicaid coverage if they still qualify.

Fremming added they are especially worried about households with children losing coverage.

"We know that getting vaccinations and having access to dental care and behavioral health services are so important to laying a strong foundation for children as they grow up," she continued.

North Dakota has an auto-renewal process to make it easier for staff to verify if an individual still qualifies for coverage. But Fremming said it is still new and limited, and added it does not include people who have self-employment income, or who are subject to asset tests. Meanwhile, renewal forms are mailed out around the 20th of each month and are due within 30 days.


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Nevada has received an overall score of 43 in the nation for the health and well-being of its seniors in the state. According to the United Health Foundation's 2023 Senior Report, the Silver State's older adults fare well when it comes to lower rates of obesity, drinking and inactivity. The state is facing challenges related to high suicide and high poverty rates, as well as low flu vaccination rates among older Nevadans.

Dr. Rhonda Randall, Chief medical officer for United Healthcare, said when it comes to suicide, they are noticing more prevalence in some groups over others.

"We see that it disproportionately affects white men, and older white men because they have a tendency to choose more lethal means with suicide attempts," she explained. "They're more successful, and that's what we see in the trend here. It has been persistent for quite some time."

Randall added the report consists of 52 different measures of senior health across five different categories, including socioeconomic factors, the physical environment where seniors live, the clinical care they receive, behaviors and other health outcomes.

Nevada saw a 15% drop from just over 30 aides per 1,000 adults ages 65 and above in 2018 to 26 per 1,000 adults in 2021. The state also saw an 8% increase in early deaths among older adults. Randall said opioid overdoses led to an increase in premature deaths, and added that reflects "the same troubling trend" prevalent in other populations in the United States; seniors are not untouched.

"Why I highlight that as a geriatrician is, I think, a lot of people don't think that seniors are as affected by substance-use disorders and opioid-use disorder - but they are," she said.

Randall added it is concerning that as a country, many of the gains made in recent years related to longevity and an increase in life expectancy have started to reverse. Her group is calling for greater connectivity and community engagement among seniors in Nevada and across the country.