Paid apprenticeship programs are supposed to connect workers with well-paying jobs, but they fall short on diversity, especially for Black students, according to a new report.

Researchers from a Washington think tank called the Joint Center for Political and Economic Studies found Black Americans comprise more than 12% of the workforce, but only 9% of registered apprenticeship programs.

Justin Nalley, senior policy analyst at the center, said millions have benefited since the National Apprenticeship Act was passed in 1937.

"Students and workers can get into an apprenticeship and not have to take on mounds of debt," Nalley explained. "[They're] able to provide for their families while learning a new skill."

The most common programs train workers in electrical services, plumbing, health care occupations and construction. The report found while 40% of all Black apprentices are in the construction trades, Black workers face rampant job discrimination. Statistics show just 5% of construction supervisors are Black, while 90% are white.

Racial disparities also persist in completion rates. The data show in 2021, 41% of Black registered apprentices completed the program, compared with 47% of Hispanic workers, 48% of white and Native American workers, and 49% of Asian and Pacific Islander apprentices.

Nalley argued programs need to provide wraparound services to make them more affordable.

"Can we make it to the apprenticeship program... transportation? Do we have somebody to be able to watch [our] kids... child care? Are we able to provide lunch for that day... food services? Are we able to afford the equipment and materials that it takes?" Nalley outlined.

The authors want Congress to fund more state- and local-level apprenticeship programs targeting Black students. They also suggested more scheduling flexibility for parents and commuters and help to buy tools, equipment, books, supplies and uniforms.

Support for this reporting was provided by Lumina Foundation.


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Michigan's tipped wage system is on the brink of extinction, with changes set to take effect next month after a state Supreme Court ruling last year mandated higher wages for tip-reliant workers.

The ruling will eliminate tipped wages below minimum wage and raise the state's minimum wage to more than $12 per hour.

Justin Winslow, president and CEO of the Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association, said the almost 250% increase in the wages of tipped workers would be catastrophic and he said it is happening at the worst possible time, as inflation hits his industry more than others.

"You add that difficult environment to this new policy and you have the recipe for the loss of 60,000 restaurant jobs in Michigan and the closure of one in five full-service sit-down restaurants in Michigan," Winslow contended. "When I say catastrophic I think that's what we mean."

Supporters of the change argued it ensures fair pay and reduces income instability for tipped employees, who can face unpredictable earnings. Tipped wages are set to be phased out Feb. 21.

Winslow pointed out servers are currently earning around $30 an hour, with some making even more, all while enjoying flexible schedules. He emphasized roughly 80% of workers want to preserve the current system. On a positive note, Winslow noted bipartisan efforts are in motion, with similar bills from both parties set to be discussed in a hearing today, to protect tipped wages.

"The new House leadership seems to be making it a real priority to try to get something done in advance of February 21st, so we'll be front and center there making sure they understand and hear from the voices of impacted restaurant workers and restaurant owners."

The Michigan Restaurant and Lodging Association warned as many as 60,000 jobs could be in jeopardy if businesses are required to eliminate tipped wages.


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The faculty of a New York City music school is planning to strike after contract negotiations stalled.

The Manhattan School of Music's Precollege program faculty union has been negotiating a contract since June, and said it has been a protracted effort. The union wants a pay increase aligning with other schools such as Julliard and the Mannes School of Music.

Adam Kent, president of the union, said the school's low pay affects teachers' ability to work.

"There are, as the fall semester is ending, several teachers who are leaving altogether," Kent pointed out. "There are a number of teachers I speak to who tell me they used to teach 10-hour-long days, now they're down to a single student who will take lessons with them at their home instead of at the school."

While the school has said there's not enough money for the pay raise, tax filing data showed the school's president and executives received large pay increases in recent years. Other data noted the school's tuition has risen 58% since 2014.

In a statement, the school challenged many of the union's accusations about why negotiations have taken so long. While the union has been around for a decade, Kent emphasized contract negotiations have always been hard-fought battles.

The union has made concessions regarding the pay increase but Kent feels the school must do its part so the two parties can reach an equitable agreement. When negotiations began, union members gave the school the benefit of the doubt, adding the sentiment changed after reviewing the school's financial data.

"It's clear there's no reason they can't afford to pay us fairly," Kent asserted. "They've never made a claim of an inability to afford these raises at bargaining. Their response has been, 'We just don't have to.' They don't take us seriously. They feel why should we start paying more money for the same work we've had up until now."

Kent pointed out the pay raise is sought to match the cost of living in New York City. The union also wants to keep class sizes at reasonable levels and ensure teachers can easily access remote learning tools when needed through the next contract. A Change.org petition from the union has garnered close to 2,000 signatures.


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Labor analysts say doctors have jumped to the front of the line of healthcare workers forming unions while others in the medical field continue to show interest, including nurses at a hospital in the North Dakota region.

Nurses at the CHI St. Francis Health Breckenridge hospital along the border with Minnesota now have a collective bargaining unit.

Connie Okeson, a registered nurse at the hospital, said she hopes voting to form a union allows her team to illustrate staffing issues. She emphasized they have to fight to make health facilities in smaller towns and cities desirable places to work.

"A lot of new nurses, they're not interested in working in small towns because we don't have all the things they want to do in a hospital," Okeson pointed out. "It's more low-key. But I'm hoping by doing this that we can bring those ancillary services back. And then, maybe more nurses will want to work at St. Francis."

CHI leaders could not be reached for comment. Since coming out of the pandemic, labor organizing in health care has gained a bigger following. Nurses were among those leading the charge, but the Journal of the American Medical Association said the movement has caught on with physicians. Doctors led nearly 30 union drives the past two years, well above yearly averages the past two decades.

St. Francis Breckenridge is a 25-bed critical access hospital serving a handful of communities. Corporate consolidation remains a force within health care and Okeson noted nurses want to be part of the wave giving workers at not-so-big facilities a bigger voice.

"I'm hoping it opens it up for (workers at) other small hospitals to do the same," Okeson stressed.

She added having more input can improve patient care, aiding the reputation of small-town hospitals and making sure they stay on as a key employer for these communities. Negotiations involving her colleagues are expected to begin within the next six to eight weeks.