A Pennsylvania work-based job training program is helping the state's 3.4 million seniors overcome challenges to finding work.

Francis McKenna, senior director of training and employment for PathStone Corporation, said they offer job training through the Senior Community Service Employment Program to help low-income people age 55 and older enhance their work skills. He acknowledged the low minimum wage is a barrier.

"I think the main challenge is the $7.25 an hour," McKenna explained. "Pennsylvania and the feds both need to move forward with minimum wage increases that actually reflected today's society."

McKenna pointed out people also need help with online job searches, resumes, cover letters and interview skills. Last week, House Bill 1500 passed out of committee. It would raise the state's minimum wage from $7.25 to $15 an hour by 2026.

Denise Stalica, Mature Worker Program director for the Area Agency on Aging in Lucerne and Wyoming counties, said some people struggle applying online.

"The majority of barriers we're having right now are computers," Stalica observed. "We're seeing more and more participants know a little bit about computers, but there's some out there that still don't know computers. A lot of the jobs out there, you have to apply online. They really don't know how to go about doing that. So, we're trying to tell them they can come to our office, we can always help them try to apply online."

She added those who rely on public transportation also face barriers in rural counties.

Randy Lenhart went through the senior program at Westmoreland County Community College and credits it with finding employment.

"I started with the program at the Salvation Army," Lenhart recounted. "Then COVID hit, and we all got laid off. And then when it started to get back up I went to the East Hills Recreation. This job was better than the one before. And now, during the program, I got hired by American Maintenance and Supply."

Caroline Gilmore, coordinator of programs on aging at Westmoreland, said the senior worker program is a valuable resource for older people getting back into the workforce.

"This is a good introduction back, under the training program, where they're paid a stipend," Gilmore emphasized. "Eventually the goal of the program is to -- after you have placements at these community sites, which are nonprofits -- that you can go out and seek unsubsidized employment at any company that you would choose."

The back-to-work programs are sponsored by the U.S. Department of Labor and the National Council on Aging.

Indiana's busy holiday roads can put older drivers to the test.

With 2.8 million Hoosiers traveling this season, the AAA Hoosier Motor Club encouraged families to help senior drivers stay safe.

Christina Griffiths, manager of public affairs and communications for the club, highlighted the importance of preparation for older drivers.

"It really isn't about age necessarily," Griffiths explained. "It truly is a case-by-case basis of what am I dealing with physically, mentally, emotionally, and what can I do better to be as safe as possible?"

Griffiths recommended older drivers take simple steps to prepare for challenging conditions. She suggested checking car tires, brakes and visibility aids like wiper blades. For all drivers, she also stressed the value of adjusting travel times to avoid peak traffic and bad weather.

Winter weather raises the stakes for older drivers. Snow and ice create extra challenges, increasing stress and risk on the road. Griffiths pointed out AAA offers free online assessments and refresher courses to help seniors adjust to physical or emotional changes affecting driving.

"It asks a bunch of questions that you can evaluate: Am I checking behind me when I change lanes? Do I have difficulty with merging, or do I just feel that anxiety, I think is a big one too!" Griffiths outlined. "Maybe you have specific things you need to brush up with on your own skills."

Griffiths urged families to talk openly about driving habits. Small adjustments, like shorter trips or avoiding peak travel times, help seniors stay safe without giving up their independence. She added preparation and support help protect everyone on the road.


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Dementia, a disease with profound effects on families, loved ones and caregivers, affects more than 55 million people globally, including 6 million in the U.S.

New research shows people can reduce their risks by making even small changes in their daily routines, for example, through exercise and eating more vegetables.

Sarah Lock, senior vice president for policy at AARP, said there are also important steps policymakers can take to make it easier for people to maintain healthy behaviors.

"When we do that, we can disrupt dementia," Lock asserted. "That's a really exciting possibility, given that so many of us -- as our nation is aging -- are facing that risk."

Dementia is the third-largest cause of death in the nation for people age 70 and older, and two-thirds of Americans have at least one major potential risk factor. People who smoke five cigarettes per day have a 16% higher dementia risk than nonsmokers. People with prediabetes face a 25% increased risk, which rises to 50% with full-blown diabetes. Prolonged exposure to air pollution is also a major dementia risk factor.

Other risk factors include alcohol use, depression, high body mass index, hearing loss, hypertension, low education, physical inactivity, social isolation and traumatic brain injury. Lock pointed out policies to reduce these risks can vary by state. For example, in Colorado, physical inactivity may not be as big of a
problem as in other states, but hearing loss is relatively high.

"We can suggest to policymakers that they focus on ways to help people screen and correct for hearing loss," Lock noted. "In Colorado, that might be a wiser use of public dollars, to go after the problem that seems to be biggest in your state."

Lock added the goal of the research is to offer people pathways to better brain health and to give older Americans more quality time with their loved ones. The findings were released by the new Dementia Risk Reduction Project, a collaboration between AARP, the Alzheimer's Disease Data Initiative and the University of Washington.

Changes coming to Medicare in 2025 could be beneficial for Oregon residents who are eligible for the program.

Oregonians who qualify for Medicare are now in the open enrollment period through Dec. 7, which allows them to search for health coverage plans to best suit their needs.

Ryan Kibby, Oregon Senior Health Insurance Benefits Assistance project director for the Oregon Department of Human Services, said there will be expanded care options for dementia patients with the Guiding and Improved Dementia Experience or GUIDE program.

"Some of the resources available through GUIDE would include a 24-hour support line, caregiver training and up to $2,500 a year for respite services," Kibby outlined. "That's really just going to help benefit the people who are providing these family caregiver services."

There will also be expanded mental health benefits for people with Medicare in 2025. In 2023, nearly 920,000 Oregonians were enrolled in Medicare. People can get free help to find coverage through Oregon's SHIBA program, either on its website or at 800-722-4134.

Kibby pointed out another major improvement in 2025 is prescription drug costs will be capped.

"There will be a lower maximum to pay for covered drugs, under both Medicare Part D policies and Medicare Advantage drug coverage," Kibby explained. "The maximum amount that people will pay in 2025 is $2,000, and they won't have to pay anything for covered drugs once they reach that amount."

Prescription payment plans will be an option for people who cannot pay in full up-front. The out-of-pocket cost cap also eliminates a gap in coverage, known as the "donut hole," which some have experienced in the past. While Medicare cannot cover prescriptions specifically for weight loss, people can access these drugs for treatment of conditions like Type 2 diabetes.


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