Assessments continue following the first anniversary of 988, the new version of the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.

In a state with a higher suicide rate, those behind South Dakota's operation see promise amid broader access issues. In July of last year, the lifeline switched from its 10-digit number to the easier-to-remember three digits.

Nationally, there were 5 million requests for help in the first year.

Janet Kittams, CEO of the 211 Helpline Center, said statewide, they saw a 130% increase in calls and texts to 988. She added more of the calls were non-crisis, an encouraging sign people are seeking help when symptoms first emerge.

"We'd much rather talk to people on the front end of a mental health or behavioral health issue," Kittams emphasized. "As opposed to the point when they're in very deep crisis."

Like other states, Kittams acknowledged they face staffing pressures in finding enough trained counselors to take calls. But she pointed out they have still been able to operate 24 hours a day, seven days a week, and additional funds from the state this year will help. However, with a shortage of clinical providers still prominent, it can take someone several weeks to see a local specialist after their initial call to 988.

Kittams noted in those situations, they do their best to make sure the person who called feels supported while they wait for their appointment.

"If somebody calls us on 988, we're going to offer to call them back within the next day to check in with them and see how they're doing," Kittams explained. "And then we're going to continue to offer to call back over the next four weeks to try to touch base to make sure they're still stable, that they're not in crisis."

When the switch happened, some advocates worried it would lead to more responses from law enforcement, potentially leading to involuntary treatment or standoff situations. But Kittams countered they have been proactive in getting cooperation from police agencies to ensure 988 counselors lead the calls and avoid those scenarios.

"Ninety-five percent of the time, we're able to de-escalate, stabilize that caller," Kittams reported. "And so, we don't have to require a dispatch."

And in cases where police are called, law enforcement in nearly two dozen South Dakota counties have access to virtual crisis assistance to help deescalate.

It is meant for rural areas without a mobile crisis response team. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention data show South Dakota has the fifth-highest suicide rate in the U.S.


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Mental health counselors focused on Nebraska's high rate of binge drinking during Alcohol Awareness Month, which just wrapped up.

Alcohol abuse is often associated with other addictions. Nebraska's binge drinking rate is among the highest in the nation and the number of alcohol-related deaths is on the rise. Alcohol was blamed for at least 720 fatalities in 2020, the latest year data were available.

Aileen Brady, CEO of the Community Alliance in Omaha, said alcohol abuse and addiction affects families and friendships but can also lead to safety issues among employees who may be alcohol dependent.

"If their reactions are not as sharp, if they're not sleeping well and if they're distracted with the sense of needing to have that drink, it's going to affect our workplaces, as well," Brady explained.

Brady adds alcohol and other substance abuse disorders affect at least 65% of Nebraskans seeking mental health treatment at Community Alliance. Nationwide, the National Survey on Drug Use and Health said more than 224-million people 12 and older report having consumed alcohol during their lifetime.

Brady added it is common among alcohol addicted people or those who abuse it to assume drinking will improve their mood, which she said can happen temporarily, but long-term, has the opposite effect.

"That might last for a period of hours, and then once they stop the drinking and they are coming down off of that use of alcohol, then the depressant sets in," Brady observed.

Brady added Community Alliance continues to dispel myths about the effects of alcohol and raise awareness about the negative physical and mental health outcomes of drinking too much.


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Budding flowers, warmer temperatures and longer days are welcome signs to many in Maryland after the long, dark months of winter. Some people might believe warmer weather improves mental health after seasonal depression in the winter months, but that's not always the case. Many people experience increased mental-health struggles as spring rolls around.

When people's feeling in the springtime doesn't meet their expectations, said Cynthia Cubbage, director of family and post-adopt service for the Barker Adoption Foundation, it can make mental-health issues worse.

"When people are looking forward to spring because it's a time of renewal, and those expectations don't happen, and then nothing gets better for them because it's deeper than that," she said, "then they get really stressed and depression can really set in. And it's because of the expectations."

Suicide rates rise in the spring and not winter, according to Johns Hopkins Medicine. Researchers find that seasonal allergies play a role. A person with rhinitis, which causes allergy symptoms, is more than 40% more likely to be depressed.

Cubbage said there are many ways people can combat those feelings: Get outdoors as much as possible and get out socially as well. But she reminded folks that sleep is vital.

"Definitely prioritize sleep, even though we're having more daylight," she said. "It makes people want to stay up longer - that they should be doing things - and to remember that's a big transition for your body. They should still prioritize their sleep. If they were still going to sleep at eight or they were putting their kids down at eight, that should continue."

Cubbage added that, if you continue to feel depressed or down even after trying those suggestions, it's best to seek out professional mental-health help.

A bill headed to the Montana governor's desk would qualify post-traumatic stress disorder under workers' compensation for the state's first responders.

PTSD is a mental-health condition that someone may develop after a traumatic event. It can result in a range of symptoms from a negative mood and reactivity to flashbacks and difficulty sleeping. First responders report experiencing PTSD at about five times the rate of the general population, according to Relief Mental Health.

George Richards, who serves as president of both the Montana State Firefighters' Association and the Montana State Council of Professional Firefighters, said suicide is one of the top two leading causes of death among firefighters.

"Firefighters, police officers, paramedics, EMTs, experience - working on a gunshot victim or a fatality wreck or a kid death - major trauma-critical calls that really affect the brain," he said.

Richards said the bill had bipartisan support, although some opponents were concerned with the costs. The bill passed a House vote Friday, just before today's observance of Workers Memorial Day.

Until now, Montana was one of roughly a dozen states without a PTSD-related workers comp policy for first responders. Richards said treatment for PTSD will also help with worker retention.

"We want it recognized so they can get the treatment and return to work as a healthy individual with a clear mind," he said.

Treatment can take different forms, Richards noted, from peer-to-peer support to residential treatment programs.


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