The holiday shopping season is already in full swing, and AARP Pennsylvania has some tips on how to avoid becoming a victim of fraud or identity theft.

The latest AARP study found 76%, or roughly three out of four U.S. adults age 18 and older, have been targeted by at least one form of fraud.

Associate State Director David Kalinoski at AARP Pennsylvania said the most common scams are related to online shopping, empty gift cards and package delivery.

"Sometimes criminals go into stores and scratch off the strips on the back of the gift card," said Kalinoski. "They get the PIN number and then return it to the store racks. And once the card is loaded, scammers drain the funds because they have technology that can instantaneously let somebody know when that gift card was activated."

Kalinoski said they recommend purchasing gift cards directly from the card issuer's website.

He adds that to receive timely updates on the latest scams and fraud schemes, Pennsylvania residents can enroll in bi-weekly fraud alerts via text messaging.

Simply text the abbreviation FWN (which stands for Fraud Watch Network) to the number 50757.

Kalinoski said the AARP Fraud Watch Network offers free resources that help individual identify and prevent fraud, including educational materials and helpline assistance.

He said AARP's tracking map reveals active scams across the country.

Pennsylvanians can use their ZIP code to pinpoint specific scams in their area.

"The other thing that's with the Fraud Watch Network is the ability for people to post when they've been sort of targeted by a fraud or scam," said Kalinoski. "They can go online and post on our scam tracking map, something that other individuals should watch out for."

He warned folks to be aware of social media scams with fake product ads that lead to non-delivery of items.

He recommended not to click in messages and ads, even if the retailer appears familiar, because scammers can create fake websites that look real.

"Instead, take the extra step to open up your web browser and type in a known retailer's web address into that," said Kalinoski. "And then you can go directly to that, and if that's verified by what you've received in a pop-up ad, then you know it might be legitimate."

Kalinoski said if you can spot a scam, you can stop a scam. He pointed out the importance of filing a police report if you've been scammed.

He also encouraged victims to report the incident without shame.

Various agencies, including the FBI, Federal Trade Commission, and Better Business Bureau, handle scam reports.

Starting this year, changes to California's "lemon law" will make it harder for consumers to get a refund or a replacement vehicle.

The changes mean instead of just taking the car to the dealer for repairs, you're now going to have to formally notify the manufacturer via email or certified mail and include your name, the vehicle ID number, a summary of the problems and a demand for a refund or replacement.

Rosemary Shahan, president of the nonprofit Consumers for Auto Reliability and Safety, said if you do not take the step, you forgo lemon-law protections.

"They're going to feel like they can ignore you and refuse to fix the problem," Shahan contended. "Or just do a real, cheap, temporary Band-Aid kind of fix until the warranty expires, and then they'll tell you how much they want you to pay for the repair out of your own pocket."

Gov. Gavin Newsom said he signed Assembly Bill 1755 reluctantly in order to cut down on lemon law lawsuits clogging the courts. Shahan noted lawmakers agreed to the changes only after General Motors and Ford threatened to support a ballot initiative capping attorneys fees in consumer lawsuits, something vigorously opposed by consumer attorneys, who are big political contributors.

The governor did negotiate a new bill, soon to be introduced, to allow manufacturers to opt in or out of the new program. Supporters of the changes, including General Motors, Ford and Stellantis, are expected to opt-in, while opponents such as Honda, Toyota and Tesla may decide to uphold the old protections.

Shahan noted the new lemon law said consumers who have negative equity, meaning they owe more on the lemon car than it is worth, can be forced to come up with the difference before the manufacturer will buy it back.

"The manufacturers will say, 'Oh, we'd be happy to buy back your lemon but first you have to come up with whatever the negative equity is before you can give us clear title to the car,'" Shahan asserted. "Most people can't afford to pay out of pocket, so they're going to be stuck with a lemon car."

The new lemon law also rescinds protections after six years, making longer warranties unenforceable, and consumers will now have only one year to file a claim, down from four.

With 2025 at hand, Minnesotans might be mapping out the concerts they want to attend or things they want to buy in the new year but the presence of hidden fees could give them second thoughts.

New state laws aim to address it. A pair of statutes taking effect Jan. 1 were drafted in response to consumer complaints about so-called "junk fees." One said businesses must disclose the full price of products and services upfront, eliminating surprise charges at checkout. Policy experts said it can cover hotel stays and food deliveries. The second law has similar pricing transparency requirements for live events.

Rep. Lucy Rehm, DFL-Chanhassen, feels it is a "win-win."

"When all businesses disclose their full prices up front, consumers can make these fair and informed comparisons," Rehm explained. "I think it'll foster trust and competition. So, I think it's good for businesses as well as consumers."

State officials estimate hidden and deceptive fees cost the average Minnesota family more than $3,000 a year. There was bipartisan support for the new rules but, similar to rule-making efforts at the federal level, business voices like the U.S. Chamber of Commerce described the approach has "micromanaging" and will not do much to address transparency issues in pricing.

Rehm countered Minnesota's new laws will especially benefit small businesses, which are typically upfront about the final price. Meanwhile, she added, the changes can help ensure all Minnesotans, feeling the pinch of ticket costs, have better access to events offering cultural enrichment.

"We have a thriving arts community here," Rehm pointed out. "We want people to be able to go to concerts and enjoy the arts."

There are exemptions under Minnesota's new junk fees law, including shipping-related costs and automatic gratuities for food and beverage establishments. Vendors at Minneapolis-St. Paul International Airport have longer to comply, until June 1.

Travel agencies say Americans are still embracing overseas trips, including destinations where the itinerary is loaded with learning opportunities about local culture.

There are tips for Nebraskans on where to book and how to stretch their dollar. Those who help consumers plan their vacations report a strong appetite for experiences where cultural immersion is the main attraction.

Brittany Duffy, travel expert at EF Go Ahead Tours, said it might mean going off the beaten path more in towns and villages, as opposed to sticking with the common tourist sites in the heart of a major city across the globe.

"Not just checking a trip off their list, but really becoming more connected and seeking that personal growth opportunity and having those unforgettable moments," Duffy explained.

She pointed out guided tours, in places like Latin America and Scandinavia, can bring you to under-the-radar spots, like family-run farms serving dinner. Companies like EF Go Ahead Tours have flexible financing requiring a small deposit, with additional interest-free payments spread out well in advance of your trip. The University of Nebraska experts also recommended seeking out hostels for lodging as a way to keep travel costs lower.

Duffy emphasized timing is another key tool in keeping vacations budget-friendly and accessible.

"Considering traveling in the shoulder season, April, May, October, November," Duffy advised. "You still see really pleasant weather but you got smaller crowds and lower prices."

Research firms say younger adults are increasingly booking vacations, including solo trips, while older adults said travel is becoming too expensive. But baby boomers are still open to flying elsewhere if they can find value, such as doing so during off-peak seasons.

Experts said lower costs should not come at the expense of personal safety. One example would be using public transportation late at night in unfamiliar areas. They said calling a taxi is better in such situations.


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