Tennessee's "State of the Child" 2023 report shows some progress, but also highlights ongoing areas of concern. From the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth, the report examines kids' health and mental health, education, family economics, child care and the state's child-welfare and youth-justice data.

Kylie Graves, director of policy and legislative affairs for the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth, said a key finding is that, among children of all age groups, those younger than five are most likely to live in poverty. The proportion of those children living in poverty has increased to one in five.

"We did see in 2022 17.6% of children in Tennessee lived below the federal poverty line," Graves said. "That is still too high and too many of our kids, but it is closer to the national average than we've ever been. Nationally, that number was 16.3%."

Graves said the report showed between 2019 and 2021, the number of children in poverty declined. But between 2021 and 2022 among Tennessee kids younger than age five, it increased to 20%. However, the increase or decrease associated with the child poverty rate over the last couple of years was not due to pandemic assistance.

Richard Kennedy, executive director of the Tennessee Commission on Children and Youth, said the report highlights the continued decline in teen risk behaviors such as substance use, but mental health challenges have continued to increase. He pointed out that the Tennessee General Assembly has focused on increasing resources for access to mental health.

"We know that access to high-quality, easily accessible mental health services, especially those that are in school-based settings, can really provide those additional supports and services for young people, as they grow into adults that will help them be more successful, better citizens going forward," Kennedy explained.

Graves said the report finds progress in child welfare and neglect, including Tennessee's extended foster care, giving young people more time in the system and smoother entry into adulthood.

"In fiscal year 2023, 369 youths accepted extension of foster-care services; that's the second-largest number ever accepted," said Graves. "So, we're seeing that program expand, which just means that we're helping more and more kids bridge that transition that can be really challenging, and can be a cause of a lot of negative social behaviors."

Graves emphasized that Tennessee's rate of substance-exposed newborns is well below the national average, and the state has a successful "plan of safe care" program that helps keep mothers and babies together safely. Nearly 99% of these infants have such a plan, which is much higher than the national average of 70.4%, the report said.


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A New York organization believes universal public childcare can be implemented in five years.

New Yorkers United for Child Care is using its newly released roadmap to guide this plan, with the primary goal of saving people money.

Estimates show state residents spend $22,000 per year per child. New York families spend a combined $14 billion per year on child care.

Rebecca Bailin, executive director of New Yorkers United for Child Care said their plan would help families afford living in the Empire State.

"We will be able to retain middle-class families, retain the diversity, economically and racially in our state," said Bailin. "We would be able to make sure working parents can work productively - they don't have to miss as many hours or remove themselves from the workforce entirely."

A Fiscal Policy Institute report finds 40% of New York families are leaving because of the state's high child-care costs.

Enacting the plan would cost $12 billion per year - 6% of the state's current budget.

Some revenue streams to fund the program include a capital gains tax, a corporate tax, and a high-income earners tax - which combined could raise an estimated $40 billion.

The proposal's feedback has been positive, but Bailin said she knows these next five years will be challenging.

The plan involves expanding universal public child care over the five years. New York City already has universal pre-K and 3-K.

The goal is to strengthen programs like this, and age down. She said this program is necessary for all New Yorkers.

"It is really up to us to make this happen," said Bailin. "It's up to the parents and the would-be parents who are sick and tired of the status quo, who are thinking about having families or growing their families, and are just not being able to find a way out."

A Cornell University poll shows 51% of people say their biggest decision in choosing to stay at home was the high cost of child care.

Nearly one quarter said their biggest obstacle to employment was lacking accessible child care in their area.



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More than 1,000 organizations sent a letter to Gov. Gavin Newsom asking for California's children's programs to be shielded from cuts in the 2025-26 budget.

The coalition, called the Children's Movement, successfully lobbied to beat back cuts last year despite a $55 billion budget deficit.

Ted Lempert, president of the nonprofit Children Now, said policymakers face competing pressures this year.

"There could be extra pressures on the budget due to actions with the new administration in Congress," Lempert observed. "That said, the projected deficit is far smaller than last year."

The new fiscal outlook from the California Legislative Analyst's Office projects a relatively small budget deficit of $2 billion for next year, but cautioned against any spending increases. The governor usually submits his initial budget proposal in mid-January, which is a jumping-off point for negotiations in the Legislature.

California lawmakers are required to pass a balanced budget each year by June 15.

Lempert argued children's programs are chronically underfunded in California.

"Even though we're a relatively high-tax state, we're still around the middle of the pack in education funding, and we have one of the worst ratio of adults on campus," Lempert noted. "Meaning fewer teachers, fewer counselors, fewer nurses."

The coalition would also like to see more funding for child care and preventive health screenings.

West Virginia child care advocates said they are bracing for more center closures in the new year.

There are more than 60,000 children in the state with both parents in the workforce, and only around 39,000 licensed center slots available, according to the West Virginia Center on Budget and Policy.

Kristy Ritz, executive director of the West Virginia Association for Young Children, said parents are running out of options.

"Our worry is that children are sometimes being placed in unsafe situations because they can't afford registered or licensed child care programs," Ritz explained. "They may be using the best they can find."

Local Head Start programs can help fill gaps in child care. According to the Center for American Progress, the Trump administration has proposed cutting the early-childhood education initiative.

Anna Powell, senior research and policy associate at the Center for the Study of Childcare Employment at the University of California-Berkeley, said people who work with very young children are often paid significantly less than teachers of older kids.

"As a result, while about 13.1% of early care and education professionals are living below the federal poverty line, only 2.3% of elementary and middle school teachers are," Powell outlined.

The average yearly salary for Mountain State child care workers is 29% below preschool teachers and less than half of kindergarten teachers. Ritz stressed she supports state policies aiming to keep existing centers afloat, rather than incentivizing businesses to open on-site ones.

"We have we've talked to people. Businesses, they don't really want to open child care programs," Ritz reported. "It makes more sense for them to help with the existing programs so that they can stay open."

According to the Early Childhood Workforce Index, nationwide, nearly half of child care workers' families survive on public assistance such as SNAP and Medicaid.