A trio of bills to curb oil and gas pollution is under consideration by New Mexico lawmakers.

New Mexico is the country's second-largest oil producer and a top gas producer.

Rep. Debbie Sariñana, D-Albuquerque, co-chair of Elected Officials to Protect America and chair of the group's New Mexico Leadership Council, believes policy changes are needed to protect children from pollution and prevent fresh water from being wasted during the state's ongoing megadrought.

Despite what some believe, she argued the bills are not designed to shut down the industry, which she acknowledged is important to the state's bottom line.

"We're just trying to regulate the industry, so they're not operating in a way that wastes our fresh water," Sariñana explained. "They have to operate according to basic environmental and public health principles."

The bills would limit the use of fresh water in oil and gas operations, impose mandatory fines for chemical spills, and establish stricter setbacks from school facilities as a means to create child health protection zones. A spokesman for the New Mexico Oil and Gas Association said it is watching the bills, and supports those "grounded in science."

Sariñana said she's determined to change how New Mexico gets energy from fossil fuels and transition the state to clean renewables. She feels strongly adults and children who live near oil and gas wells should not be inhaling byproducts and getting sick.

"What makes these people who live in that area so 'not important' that we as a state believe gas and oil should be doing what they want?" Sariñana asked. "These people are getting sicker, and they're front line people and Indigenous people. They're people of color, and they're just as important as everyone else."

Recent studies have shown living near oil and gas wells increases a person's exposure to air pollution and thereby increases the likelihood of illness. New Mexico has several towns in the middle of oil fields as well as schools next to fossil fuel well sites.

Supporters of a new wage equity law in Massachusetts say it will help close the state's gender and racial wage gap. Starting next year, companies with more than 25 employees must disclose a salary range for all posted positions.

Kimberly Borman, executive director of the Boston Women's Workforce Council, said wage transparency not only benefits women and people of color, who are often paid less than their coworkers, but their employers as well.

"If you never put out there what you can pay, you're going to get a lot of people who are kicking the tires and then you may like them and you get to a point you can't hire them because you just don't have the money," she said.

Borman said the new requirements build on a 2016 law that prohibits wage discrimination based on gender. Massachusetts is now the eleventh state to mandate pay transparency.

The new law also requires larger companies to share their federal wage and workforce data with the state Executive Office of Labor and Workforce Development to help identify where wage gaps remain. In Greater Boston, a 2023 report found the gender wage gap was 21 cents, and for Black women it was 54 cents. Borman says the new law will help Massachusetts remain competitive with other states and better able to recruit and retain top talent.

"So, we're losing good talent because they don't believe that they're going to be paid fairly or be promoted to the positions that they should be promoted to and earn the kind of money that they need to stay in this city," she continued.

Borman said a recent survey by the Greater Boston Chamber of Commerce found one in four residents ages 20 to 30 plans to leave the state in the next five years due to the lack of job availability and high housing costs.


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New Yorkers could see relief from medical debt if several national proposals move forward.

The Consumer Financial Protection Bureau proposed a new rule to eliminate medical debt from credit reports. Studies show medical debt does not predict whether a person can pay down a debt.

An Urban Institute report finds more than 740,000 New Yorkers have medical debt.

Ursula Rozum, health care campaign lead for the group Citizen Action of New York, said the change can remove the punitive aspects of medical debt.

"What we're talking about is relief for the 15 million Americans that have medical debt," Rozum pointed out. "As well as people who we know are skipping care or delaying care 'cause they're scared of the debt and what impact it would have on their lives."

Vice President Kamala Harris is supporting the bureau's proposal while considering other ways to cancel medical debt. Congressional Republicans such as Rep. Mike Lawler, R-N.Y., oppose the proposed change. Several House GOP members signed a letter to the bureau saying its proposed rule can negatively affect credit access and affordability for all consumers.

New York passed legislation prohibiting medical debt from being reported to credit agencies but it has not stopped medical debt disparities.

Christine Chen Zinner, senior policy counsel for the advocacy group Americans for Financial Reform, said communities of color often have the highest medical debt rates for many reasons.

"Black and Latine families are more likely to have jobs without access to health insurance, and so that would drive up medical debt," Zinner explained. "There's also been disparate health treatments for these communities."

Other causes for medical debt include growing facility fees. While New York passed legislation to reform the fees, studies show they are a bulk of what patients pay for. Between 2004 and 2021, facility fees grew 531%, surpassing professional fees for certain emergency department services.

As the Inflation Reduction Act marks its second anniversary, Ohio communities are seeing changes spurred by investments in clean energy and infrastructure.

The federal climate package, including funding in the act, has injected billions into regions like Appalachia, aiming to revive local economies by transitioning former coal areas into clean energy hubs.

Dana Kuhnline, senior program director for the nonprofit ReImagine Appalachia, noted the investments are making a difference in the region.

"Communities across the Ohio River Valley region of Appalachia are beginning to reimagine themselves as leaders of a new clean economy," Kuhnline explained. "And see their place in a more prosperous, sustainable, and equitable future."

The progress in the Ohio River Valley reflects broader trends in Appalachia, with projects like Ohio's Fox Squirrel Solar and Oak Run sites playing a significant role. The initiatives, supported by the Inflation Reduction Act, are contributing to reduced carbon emissions and creating union jobs, which could provide a boost to local economies.

Kuhnline pointed out it is just the beginning, with additional incentives and programs expected to encourage further growth.

However, the continuation of the efforts relies on sustained federal support. While the legislation has set the stage for economic transition in Ohio and Appalachia, there is concern about maintaining momentum. Kuhnline underscored the need for ongoing investment to ensure communities can continue moving toward a cleaner, more prosperous future.

"Incredible things happen when Ohio communities and Appalachian communities have the funds and the capacity to put their visions into action," Kuhnline contended. "A lot of times, you know, we have the ideas, we have the people, folks are ready to work. We just need that catalyst that makes this possible."

She added there is hope the Inflation Reduction Act will lead to lasting economic improvements in the region. Projects like Cleveland-Cliffs' $575 million Middletown Works facility demonstrate the potential effect of the investments. However, Kuhnline stressed, the long-term success of Ohio's clean energy efforts will largely depend on continued federal commitment.