Historians are heading into the final stretch as they work to launch a GPS-activated audio tour commemorating a 1,900-mile trek undertaken in 1897 by Buffalo Soldiers of the 25th Infantry Regiment's Bicycle Corps, known as the Iron Riders.

Kevin Knapp, history program manager for the Sheridan Community Land Trust, said the idea was to test an alternative to horses by sending soldiers through a series of punishing environments from Fort Missoula, Montana, to St. Louis, Missouri.

"Across the Continental Divide, the Sandhills of Nebraska, Alkali Flats of Wyoming," Knapp outlined. "By the time they even got to Sheridan, they had already been on the road for two weeks, and had been through sleet and hail and mud."

Drivers passing GPS markers along a 40-mile stretch from Sheridan to Clearmont will trigger audio narration, through an app, detailing historic experiences of the Iron Riders in Wyoming. The tour is supported by a grant from the National Trust for Historic Preservation, and is set to be unveiled on June 19. The federal holiday known as Juneteenth marks the day slaves in Texas were freed in 1865, nearly three years after the Emancipation Proclamation officially ended slavery in the U.S.

The Iron Riders earned their name from the heavy iron-framed bicycles they rode, but Knapp pointed out it is also a nod to their iron will in completing a journey spanning five states over 41 days. He noted many Black soldiers were assigned to units in places like Wyoming after the Civil War's end.

"Partly it was just to remove them from the South and places where the Civil War was still fresh, where people didn't react very well to seeing Black soldiers in uniform," Knapp explained.

The original bikes had no brakes, and the tires were basically wagon wheels, an iron rim with wood glued to it. Knapp added the soldiers kept notes along the way and gave suppliers feedback and suggestions, which led to some profound innovations.

"These are the guys that are basically responsible for what we know as modern tires," Knapp emphasized. "The new tires that they were testing out on this journey in 1897 were the first pneumatic, rubber, air-filled tires ever attempted."


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The deadline to apply is approaching for pastors who want to participate in the 2025 Hispanic Leadership Network.

The 10-month program teaches leadership skills to Latino pastors in Texas and elsewhere around the U.S. and Puerto Rico, offered by the Hispanic Access Foundation.

Pablo Juarez, director of the network, said the participants meet once a month virtually and in-person.

"We teach them how to know themselves as a leader, their strengths," Juarez explained. "Then we teach them how to connect with the community, how to recruit volunteers and hire personnel. How to train those volunteers and staff, how to raise funds."

Participation is free, the deadline to apply is Dec. 29 and the 2025 cohort starts Jan. 28.

A recent report showed Latinos make up nearly 19% of the U.S. workforce but hold only 6% of CEO positions. Juarez emphasized they hope to give up-and-coming Latino professionals the skills they need to succeed in every area of life.

"Leadership is the cornerstone for any organization," Juarez stressed. "We want to provide the best resources, training opportunities for leaders to raise their organizations. We have so many talented people and so we want to empower them to give them a voice in the community."

Each year, 25 people are accepted into the program. Some areas in which participants receive training are in finances, addressing mental health issues and grant writing.

Known as one of the oldest African American communities in the state, Royal, Fla. was founded in 1865 by freed slaves who received land through the "40 Acres and a Mule" promise.

Today, residents and descendants are fighting to protect their community from development threats, particularly an extension of the Florida Turnpike that could devastate their homes and churches.

Beverly Steele is a lifelong resident and founder of Young Performing Artists Incorporated, a nonprofit spearheading the initiative to protect Royal.

"All routes were proposed to come right through Royal, and it would have not just interrupted the community. It would have really destroyed the community. This center would have been out there. Two churches closed here. They would have been out, and most of the home in the community would have been out," she explained.

Royal's residents are pursuing historic preservation to protect against these threats, including nominating Royal as a historic district on the National Register of Historic Places, administered by the National Park Service. The Florida State Historic Preservation Officer has submitted Royal's nomination twice, but the National Park Service returned it both times due to insufficient justification of Royal's historic boundaries and other issues noted by Young Performing Artists.

Preserving Royal's history and land is just as important to the younger generation, who has learned about the importance of land ownership.

"We always had a place that we called our own. I knew nothing about renting 'cause the land was always ours, the homes were ours," she continued. "So, it gave me a sense of pride, because I can say I am a landowner."

Suncara Jackson, a descendant of Royal's founders, is working to engage younger community members through social media and grassroots efforts.

As the community rallies to preserve its history and fend off encroaching development with the help of such groups as the Southern Poverty Law Center, Steele remains committed to Royal's future and says it's not just a Florida issue; it's a national issue since Black people were freed in this country.

"Since 1865, since the end of the Civil War until today, we are true living examples of what that life was like and is like and would have been like for most. That's what we are," she said.


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Rates of breastfeeding in the U.S. have more than doubled since the mid-2000s but advocates pointed out racial inequities during Black Breastfeeding Week.

Initiating breastfeeding after birth has short- and long-term health benefits for babies and their mothers but rates of initiation vary widely by race, with rates for Black infants trailing others.

Janiya Mitnaul Williams, director of the lactation training program at North Carolina A&T State University, trains lactation consultants and has a term for when a new Black mother has someone in the room with shared lived experience: "The mirror-mirror effect."

"It's like one less thing that they have to explain when a person who looks like them steps into the room to help them with breastfeeding their baby," Williams pointed out.

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, breastfeeding was initiated for nearly 85% of white infants born in North Carolina in 2019, compared to only about 70% of Black infants; rates similar to national data.

Another barrier is what qualifies someone as a "medical professional." A doula, for example, provides support and advocacy for birthing parents, often early-on in pregnancy.

Brandi Collins-Calhoun, movement engagement manager for the National Committee for Responsible Philanthropy, said a lack of strict medical training means doulas and their peers are undervalued in traditional medical settings.

"While midwives are just getting their foot in the door, doulas are right behind them," Collins-Calhoun observed. "Lactation consultants are behind doulas."

Doulas and midwives have played important roles in communities of color for generations but Collins-Calhoun said they have been largely pushed aside by the medical industry.

Providing affordable training and mentorship are ways to help revive the practices.

Jamilla Walker, a certified nurse-midwife at Cone Health Hospital, said she hopes to see acceptance not just of these roles in the birthing space but also broader forms of community support.

"Birthing people deserve to have their people around them," Walker emphasized.