In a new arrangement, people in prison in Maryland will have access to programs at all the state's public universities. The Maryland Department of Public Safety and Correctional Services has formalized an agreement with the University System of Maryland to offer college courses in every state prison. The Memorandum of Understanding or MOU is the first in the nation between a state corrections division and an entire university system.

Danielle Cox, director of education with the Maryland DPSCS, said the umbrella agreement will streamline the addition of new programs.

"Instead of it taking months to do an MOU, we would just do a simple addendum, or university agreement for each college, that simply states what program they're to offer, what facilities, how many credits, that sort of thing," Cox explained. "So, it cuts down that six to seven month MOU process to a matter of a couple of weeks."

Incarcerated individuals will be able to earn selected bachelor's degrees and credit-based certificates from any of the 12 universities in the state system. Maryland already had five universities offering prison education prior to the new agreement.

Colleges in the state's program don't deny anyone in prison access based on educational assessments. Instead, the state offers bridge programs and tutoring appropriate to the individual. Existing programs have been so popular, there are waitlists - and Cox added educators are using that time to get students ready.

"We're seeing that tutoring while they're on a waitlist has really been beneficial to getting them where they need to be a lot quicker," she explained.

A RAND study found people who participated in a prison education program had a 43% lower likelihood of recidivism.

The oldest higher-ed program in the Maryland system dates from 2012 and is run by Goucher College. Cox said a recent analysis of that program found even a limited amount of time dedicated to learning yields benefits.

"What we saw with the Goucher data is that, out of all the students that participated in their program for at least a semester, they only had a 5.4% recidivism rate during that 12-year period," she continued.

In late 2020, Congress reinstated federal Pell grants for incarcerated individuals, reversing a restriction that had been in place since 1994. Cox said the expansion of the Prison Education Program in Maryland is aided by the increased availability of grant funds.


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Thousands of educators from across the nation will be in Houston starting this weekend for the American Federation of Teachers annual convention.

Before things get underway Monday, more than 100 education professionals will spend some time doing service projects in the Houston area. Sunday, teachers will restore three homes in the city's historic Fourth Ward Freedmen's Town, established by freed Black families in 1865.

Zeph Capo, president of the American Federation of Teachers-Texas, said it is important to preserve history during a time when many people are trying to erase it.

"Students in Houston complete their public-school education and may never know the story of the individuals that established this area within their own city," Capo cautioned. "Because it's not something that is prioritized, it's certainly not something that the state Board of Education has said is important."

In the 1920s and '30s, the Fourth Ward neighborhood was dubbed Houston's Black Wall Street. Educators will also revitalize a community space where a historic church once stood, and will re-rock the prayer labyrinth.

Also on Sunday, educators will host a free clinic to help lawful permanent residents apply for U.S. citizenship. Volunteers will help people fill out the N-400 application and immigration lawyers will be in attendance to answer questions. Capo noted sometimes, educators need to step outside the classroom.

"The purpose of our work, teaching the fundamentals -- the ABCs and the 123s -- but it really is, as a public service is intended to create educated, critical thinking citizens that are able to carry out the running of our country," Capo emphasized.

Capo added Texas educators have held similar citizenship clinics across the state and this weekend's event will be used as training for teachers from other regions.

Postsecondary enrollment data for 2023 shows community college enrollment increased nationwide by more than 100,000 students, and a large percentage of them were from lower-income neighborhoods.

Tonya DeWitt, director of TRIO programs at Western Nebraska Community College, said the number of their students who qualify for the federally funded program designed to help students with economic and other challenges has increased.

TRIO students must be a first-generation college student, have a household income not exceeding 150% of the federal poverty guideline or have a disability. Participants receive academic assistance, and DeWitt pointed out many benefit from the Growth Mindset program.

"Instead of, 'I can't do it,' 'Well, you can't do it right now, sure, but you can,'" DeWitt explained, as an example of thought exercises to help students build a positive mindset. "And all those negative, immediate, 'Oh well, no, I can't do nursing.' 'Well, why is that?' 'I just can't?' 'Well, that's not true, so let's get to the bottom of it. Let's see what it is that's keeping you from being able to be successful.'"

DeWitt noted the academic supports include in-person tutoring, 24/7 virtual tutoring, study guides and online programs assisting with writing and research. She added the nursing program is very popular with TRIO students but interest in the college's offerings in the trades is also growing.

DeWitt emphasized the ability to access tutoring any hour of the day or night, including holidays, is huge for some of their TRIO students.

"We make sure that our students who are on the road with sports can access it while on the road, while they're doing their homework on the bus," DeWitt observed. "We have the ones that are single parents. In the middle of the night, that's when they're doing their homework."

Roughly 10% of the school's TRIO students are single parents and eligible for their Single Parents in Network, or SPiN program. It helps them with personal, academic and career issues. They can also access a "necessities" pantry in addition to the college's food pantry.

"Detergent or cleaning supplies for the house to make sure that it's a clean place for their children. We offer diapers and baby stuff, and we give backpacks to their kids so they can go to school," DeWitt outlined. "We offer some educational supplies for all students, but also others for our SPiN participants."

The Institute for Women's Policy Research reported a large percentage of college students who are parents face "enormous barriers to academic success," many of them economic.

Support for this reporting was provided by Lumina Foundation.


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Advocates for academic freedom are battling in court against Florida's claim a professor's speech is government speech, allowing them to prevent criticism of the governor.

Arguments in the U.S. Court of Appeals' 11th Circuit last month raised alarms when prominent attorney Charles J. Cooper, representing Florida, said the state can "insist that professors not espouse and endorse viewpoints contrary to the state's."

Adriana Novoa, professor of Latin American history at the University of South Florida, is challenging the "Stop WOKE" Act and warned people should be very concerned.

"It's indoctrination, which is ironic because that's what they say we are doing right now," Novoa pointed out. "Basically any governor -- it's not only about this one -- any governor in the future can decide what will be the viewpoints that will be promoted in the classroom."

The Stop WOKE Act, struck down but under appeal, banned school instruction and workplace training, suggesting privilege or oppression based on race, sex or national origin.

Gov. Ron DeSantis criticizes DEI programs focusing on race and sexual orientation, claiming they are unconstitutional and discriminatory and has passed laws to prevent discomfort or guilt around such topics.

Henry Reichman, professor emeritus of history at California State University-East Bay and former vice president of the American Association of University Professors, said academic freedom is a professional standard honored by reputable universities. He cautioned Florida's approach is unprecedented and dangerous.

"This notion that the faculty member is nothing more than a spokesperson for the government, that the government is the ventriloquist behind the scenes pulling the strings of the professor, then you don't have education; you have propaganda, indoctrination," Reichman contended.

Despite DeSantis' ongoing campaign against what he calls "indoctrination," a term he frequently uses at rallies and this week's Republican National Convention, the state's appeal of the Stop WOKE Act, or Individual Freedom Act, has raised concerns among academics and civil rights organizations about the lengths the state is willing to go to limit freedom of thought in classrooms.

Support for this reporting was provided by Lumina Foundation.


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