The Food and Drug Administration has advised makers of the COVID-19 vaccine to formulate the next dosage to fight the JN.1 strain of the virus.

JN.1 was first discovered in the U.S. in September, and researchers said it is similar to previous strains but spreads easier and faster. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, JN.1 accounted for 3.5% of COVID cases in November and the number jumped to 85% of cases in January.

Ben Neuman, professor of biology at Texas A&M University, said getting vaccinated is still the best way to avoid getting sick.

"It would be important, I would say, to get the updated vaccine as soon as it is available," Neuman advised. "It may not prevent infection completely, but it is, very much, the best hedge against dying of COVID."

He said, on average, about 500 people a week are still dying from the virus.

Other COVID strains, known as KP.2 and KP.3, are also circulating, part of what are called the "FLiRT" variants. The FDA considered having makers formulate the new vaccine to target KP.2 and KP.3 but chose to concentrate on JN.1 because it is spreading more quickly. Symptoms of the FLiRT mutations include fever, sore throat and a runny nose. Researchers said the strains are highly immune resistant, making breakthrough cases possible.

Neuman pointed out some doctors believe a two-dose vaccine would provide more protection for the public because COVID is constantly changing.

"We have an immune system which is learning to recognize the virus and kills off all of the viruses it can recognize," Neuman explained. "This pushes the virus to change possibly a little faster than it would otherwise, if we had no immune system. So as long as there is COVID, there will be new variants."

If you have outdated COVID tests in your medicine cabinet, Neuman added they could still be used to detect portions of the strains which have not changed over the time, but he strongly suggested using updated tests because the virus continues to mutate.


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A bill just introduced in Congress would raise public awareness of issues surrounding the end of life, including palliative care, and hospice.

The Compassionate Care Act would establish guidelines for advance care planning between health providers and patients.

Lisa Pahl, a licensed clinical social worker from Torrance, guides families through hospice.

"We live in a culture that is very avoidant of conversations on death and dying," Pahl observed. "Public education around the importance of planning ahead will improve access, so that everyday Americans know to ask for hospice and palliative care."

The bill would direct the government to develop education resources for providers, expand telehealth options and facilitate a study of a national advance care planning registry, which would allow patients to transfer their advance directives from state to state.

Pahl encouraged people to spell out what they want at the end of life so their relatives do not have to make expensive and painful decisions.

"Unless we have these conversations, we won't know," Pahl pointed out. "Health care providers typically will err on the side of doing it all, rather than going with comfort measures."

The bill is co-sponsored by Rep. Nanette Barragán, D-Calif., and Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Conn. A similar bill stalled in the House of Representatives in 2020 and never got a vote.


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The National Association of Community Health Centers is meeting in Atlanta this weekend to address the issues affecting the health care system as more people seek essential services.

In Georgia alone, about 400 centers serve more than 700,000 patients each year. With underfunded primary care, workforce shortages and rising drug costs, doctors said the need for the centers is increasing.

Kyu Rhee, president and CEO of the association, said community health centers have seen an increase of almost 3 million patients in the last four years.

"Community health centers have served as the employer, provider and partner of choice across our nation since 1965 nearly six decades," Rhee pointed out. "And now serve one in 10 people across our nation, or over 32-and-a-half million people"

Despite the growth, Rhee believes the demand for community health centers is even greater and they should be reaching one in three people based on national health needs. Gov. Brian Kemp and Dr. Mandy Cohen, director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, are slated to speak at the conference.

Rhee noted 90% of those served at the centers live below of the federal poverty level, meaning access to care can often be hindered by various barriers. He emphasized a key strength of these centers is the ability to meet patients where they are, extending care beyond the exam room and financial status.

"If you think about other parts of the health system, in general, you have to have a certain type of insurance you have to pay before you're seen," Rhee observed. "The beauty of what community health centers deliver is that we serve everyone, regardless of their ability to pay."

As the conference delves into health care issues, Rhee stressed the importance of examining the roles of other providers and the pharmaceutical industry, both crucial in supporting the mission of community health centers and the populations they serve.


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Wildfires are becoming bigger and more frequent in Colorado and across the Mountain West, and health experts are offering tips to breathe easy even during bad air-quality days.

Dr. Anuj Mehta, pulmonary and critical-care physician at Denver Health said pregnant women, infants, children, older adults and people with heart or lung disease are most at risk.

"Wildfire smoke has a lot of particulate matter. So really, really small microscopic particles that can cause inflammation in the lungs. Just breathing in that particulate matter, that inflammation may not just stay in your lungs. It can really cause inflammation around your body," Mehta said.

Exposure to smoke from wildfires has been linked to an increased risk of heart attack, stroke, lung cancer and a decline in cognitive function. Using air purifiers with HEPA filters and high MERV rated air conditioning filters can improve indoor air quality. Limiting strenuous activities is also a good idea, because when your breathing rate goes up, you inhale more particulates.

Workers and others who need to be outdoors can get air-quality updates on particulate matter and ozone pollution levels online at colorado.gov/airquality. Mehta says N-95 masks and respirators can also help, if worn correctly.

"If you can be indoors, that's going to be really good. If you have to be outdoors, and you are somebody with underlying breathing problems, wearing the mask actually can reduce the amount of particulate matter that you are going to breathe in," Mehta continued.

Colorado has already seen six wildfires that have burned more than 1,000 acres since May, and as humans continue to burn fossil fuels, wildfire risks are widely expected to increase into the foreseeable future. Mehta said it's important to understand the risks, and to be prepared.

"So every summer we're going to be dealing with bad air quality days. And so people, especially people with underlying health concerns, should be discussing with their medical teams about a bad air-quality plan," Mehta continued.


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