By Lydia Larsen for Inside Climate News.
Broadcast version by Mike Moen for Wisconsin News Connection reporting for the Solutions Journalism Network-Public News Service Collaboration

Environmental groups in Wisconsin are urging voters to reject two proposed amendments to the state constitution in the upcoming Aug. 13 primary. The measures, if approved, would remove the governor from the process of allocating certain federal funds and instead place control in the hands of the legislature. Members of Wisconsin's Republican-controlled legislature proposed the amendments in an attempt to rein in what they see as a series of oversteps by the state's Democratic governor, Tony Evers.

In addition to the environmental groups, voters rights groups, the Wisconsin Democratic Party and other concerned citizens say the changes would introduce delays into federal disaster relief funding and generate uncertainties in the process through which the state allocates federal funding. The proposed changes come at a time when the state is poised to receive millions from the Inflation Reduction Act and Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for clean energy projects.

"These amendments disallow the governor from doing the things necessary to protect human health and the environment in an expeditious way," said Meleesa Johnson, executive director of Wisconsin's Green Fire, a non-partisan conservation organization.

Representative Robert Wittke, a Republican who wrote and sponsored the amendments, said the changes are a non-partisan move that would lead to better governance of federal funds within the state. The ballot measure stems from a disagreement between Republican state legislators and Evers regarding the state's allotment from the American Rescue Plan Act (ARPA). Evers vetoed a bill that would give the legislature oversight on ARPA spending, saying that any disagreements or delays would prevent Wisconsinites from getting the aid they need. He ultimately ended up spending the money on assistance for small businesses, infrastructure upgrades, pandemic response and the tourism industry.

The amendments are intended to apply to a small number of federal funds that do not have a specifically designated use, such as the $5 billion in ARPA funds. According to the state constitution, the governor can allocate those federal funds without the legislature's approval. These dollars ultimately make up a small portion of the total federal money that enters the state each year.

After Evers vetoed the legislature's attempts to exert more control over the ARPA funding in March of 2021, Republicans introduced these amendments to prevent a similar situation from occurring again.

Johnson sees these amendments as part of a sustained movement that undermines the checks and balances in the state's constitution. In the past 15 years, a series of laws and court cases have slowly moved power to the legislative branch, thus limiting the executive branch's ability to protect natural resources. Johnson believes these amendments on the August ballot are another step in this movement.

To Jennifer Giegerich, the government affairs director for the Wisconsin Conservation Voters, the amendments are a dramatic change for a problem that doesn't really exist. After all, most federal funds enter the state with a designated purpose. Those are line items in the state budget that's approved by both houses of the legislature and the governor. Instead, what the amendments will do is create confusion among voters and, if approved, among the courts, administrative offices and officials that will have to negotiate how to interpret the broad language, she said.

"There's a whole lot of concern about what [the changes] would actually mean," Giegerich said. "It's very confusing language and we just don't have any idea of what that could open the door to."

According to an analysis from the University of Wisconsin Law School, it's unclear if the passed amendments could impact the allocation of federal funds on a wider scale. It's common for issues relating to new constitutional amendments to end up in the courts and it's very possible the same could happen in this case. The courts could ultimately decide the exact limits of what federal funding is covered under these amendments.

Disaster Relief Funding

One of the main concerns for environmental groups is that the amendments, if approved, would tie up federal funding for disaster relief. The governor is responsible for declaring a state of emergency. This declaration begins a process of applying for and subsequently bringing funds from the Federal Emergency Management Agency into the state and allocating them appropriately.

This change is especially relevant as Wisconsin continues to see more flooding and extreme weather due to climate change. June was the state's sixth wettest month on record, and heavy rains led to flooding and storm damage. This summer is a big flip from last year, which was the fifth driest June in Wisconsin's history.

Tony Wilkin Gibart, the executive director for the Midwest Environmental Advocates, said that even if the legislature doesn't aim to be an obstacle in this process, their involvement would ultimately slow down the process. It's possible that in the event of a natural disaster, such as a flood, tornado or drought, the legislature would need to be in session to allocate the money if the new amendments go into effect.

"That's antithetical to the whole purpose of disaster relief," Gibart said. "Emergency assistance is the last type of funding we would want to be delayed for political reasons."

Wittke said he and his colleagues considered this issue and, given the agencies through which the emergency relief funds move, it shouldn't impact that kind of funding.

But the Wisconsin Policy Forum, a non-partisan policy research group, said in a report that the changes could affect the deployment of emergency funds and, in the case of delays or extreme situations, cause the state to lose out on funding.

Inflation Reduction Act Grants

Grants from the IRA, including $3 million for the state's Office of Sustainability and Clean Energy and $62 million for solar development, help the state work on climate projects without specific money from the legislature. Although Evers proposed money in the state budget for clean energy and other environmental projects, the Republican-controlled legislature historically has not approved money for climate related projects, making federal grants, especially the IRA, one of the only avenues for supporting these programs.

At the moment, it's difficult to predict how the amendments would impact the state's ability to spend other types of federal funds. Given the vague language in the amendments, it's possible Wisconsin would become less competitive for federal grants, including those under the Inflation Reduction Act, according to Wilkin Gibart.

Tribes, municipalities and nonprofits within the state would not be affected by the amendments, as the constitutional changes only apply for money entering the state government.

Nearby states, including Michigan, Illinois and Minnesota, are doing their best to take advantage of IRA funding, according to Courtney Bourgoin, senior policy and advocacy manager at Evergreen Action, an environmental advocacy group. These states have passed laws that help align their policies to IRA funding opportunities.

"It's unfortunate to be in such a historic, opportune moment that you'd see [Wisconsin] Republicans racing to prevent investment in their own state," Bourgoin said.

Wittke said that if the federal government specifies the purpose of the funding, he doesn't believe it would affect how that money is allocated in the state

In applications for these highly competitive federal grants, state agencies need to explain how they will use the federal dollars. The amendments could complicate the arguments these agencies can make in grant applications, Wilkin Gibart said. Additionally, delays in allocating the money could mean that the state could lose it.

If the amendments are approved by voters, it's up to the legislature to determine how the new rules will work, and so far, it's not clear what that would look like, Hillary Vedvig, the director of government relations at the Nature Conservancy in Wisconsin, said.

Because of this, it's almost impossible to know the exact effect the amendments will have on the state's ability to accept IRA funding or other federal funding for conservation projects in the state.

"It's just really hard to pinpoint exactly what's on the line," Vedvig said. "So we're taking the position that everything is on the line, because it all could be."


Lydia Larsen wrote this article for Inside Climate News.


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As the November general election approaches, Mississippi groups are ramping up efforts to boost Black voter participation.

The Magnolia State has a history of low voter turnout. Two years ago, only 33% of the state's voting-age population cast a ballot.

Cassandra Welchlin, executive director of the Mississippi Black Women's Roundtable, said her group is spearheading efforts to boost the numbers among Black women. Their "Power of the Sister Vote Boot Camp" partners with local leaders to mobilize people to encourage voting, both in rural and urban Mississippi.

"Inside these boot camps, we are training folks, giving them data," Welchlin explained. "How many infrequent Black women voters do you have in your communities? Let's develop strategies on targeting and reaching those infrequent or 'high opportunity' voters, so that we can get them registered and turn out the vote."

Welchlin noted voter participation is particularly important, as the decisions will ultimately affect issues like child care, wages and health care. The voter registration deadline in Mississippi for the Nov. 5 general election is Oct. 7.

Voter suppression is a concern affecting many states. Welchlin pointed out Mississippi has multiple barriers to voting, citing a bill passed in 2023 to purge people from the voting rolls if they did not vote in a certain number of elections.

"We've been working to educate folks, to ask them to make sure that they check their status," Welchlin emphasized. "That was a really bad law that disenfranchised voters. The other thing is that we don't have early voting, nor do you have same-day voter registration."

Welchlin explained her organization also empowers Black women through policy advocacy, focusing on economic opportunities and community well-being. She added the Mississippi Women's Economic Security Initiative prioritizes their voices and addresses issues like wages.

"Our minimum wage hasn't increased," Welchlin stressed. "We have been working to develop a pilot program to work with restaurant owners, to help educate them about the importance of raising wages to $15 an hour."

She added the pilot program is with High Road Kitchens, independent restaurants providing food on a sliding scale to low-wage workers and others in need. It is part of their goal to advocate for a higher federal minimum wage, and to eliminate the subminimum wage paid to tipped workers, of only $2.13 an hour.

Support for this reporting was provided by The Carnegie Corporation of New York.


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Supporters of a ballot measure that would establish an independent commission for setting the pay of elected officials have launched a campaign.

If passed in November, Measure 116 would set up the Independent Public Service Compensation Commission - to decide salaries for elected officials including the governor, state lawmakers, judges and district attorneys.

Robin Ye is the political and strategy director for the organization East County Rising, which is supporting the measure.

"It's about fairness and accountability and transparency in our government, which I think will add faith to our government," said Ye. "It's a common sense solution to give power back to Oregonians and to protect our democracy."

Twenty-two states have independent compensation commissions, according to the National Conference of State Legislatures.

If it's approved, the commission would set pay rates every two years. Officers or employees of the state and registered lobbyists cannot be part of the commission.

The campaign supporting Measure 116 includes an a wide array of organizations, including the Latino Network Action Fund, Oregon League of Conservation Voters, and Oregon Nurses Association.

The measure was referred to the ballot by the Legislature in 2023, and Ye said it has broad support.

"A majority of Oregonians and an overwhelmingly bipartisan vote of legislators understand that the current system doesn't make sense, and it isn't fair, and it is a problem," said Ye. "And it's up to Oregonians to decide what's the right fit for Oregon."

Oregon established an independent pay commission in 1983, but it went defunct in 2000. The commission was reestablished in 2007, saw its funding cut in 2008, and was eliminated again in 2017.

Support for this reporting was provided by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.




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A new law will make it easier for Washingtonians to register to vote online if they don't have a driver's license.

The law comes from a bill passed in 2023 that went into effect July 15, just in time for this year's primary election earlier this week. Under the new law, people can register to vote with the last four digits of their Social Security number and an uploaded photo of their signature.

Abigail Leong, communications manager for the Washington Voting Justice Coalition, said this gives greater access to voting for people who don't have licenses.

"The people least likely to have a Washington driver's license," she said, "are our young voters, Black and latino voters, people with low incomes, recent citizens, maybe people even just who recently moved and haven't switched their driver's license over."

Leong said online voter registration is becoming increasingly popular, and so this change helps the state prepare for that. The online registrations deadline to vote in the general election is Oct. 28. If Washingtonians miss that date, they can still register in person any time before 8 p.m. on election day, Nov. 5.

Jazmine Smith, political manager for The Washington Bus, a youth voting organization, said it's exciting to see the state of Washington continue to ensure more people can vote.

"We're adopting the technology we need," she said, "and making voter access as streamlined, easy and accessible as possible."

Leong said there are real-world benefits of accessible online voter registration. She noted one case in which a person with disabilities had moved recently and their new apartment wasn't getting them their mail.

"They had to register in person and at a site that wasn't accessible to people with mobility aides," she said, "and it was during COVID and they're immunocompromised, so it was extra hard for them. So, it's really helpful for people like that who might have no other way to register to vote without a lot of trouble."