Public health officials continue to monitor the spread of bird flu, with it passing from chickens to cows to humans.

A new study found the virus can linger on milking equipment for up to an hour, putting farmworkers at risk. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention described the risk to humans as low, given the absence of human-to-human transmission but the new study suggested dairy workers are particularly vulnerable to infection.

A handful of those working near cows have become infected but there have not been any positive cases in the Badger State.

Crystal Heath, executive director of the advocacy group Our Honor, found it worrisome, given the high level of dairy production in Wisconsin. She wants industrial operations around the U.S. to embrace testing.

"Not allowing researchers and scientists to investigate this is really concerning for public health," Heath asserted.

Without a public health emergency, the federal government is limited in mandating testing. The Center for Biological Diversity said there is not much motivation for farm operators to voluntarily comply because of the potential impact on livelihoods. But advocates note workers, not farm owners, are exposed to the virus without being able to speak up for themselves. Immigrants make up 51% of all dairy labor.

Heath noted with the potential for infections going undetected, the situation should compel the U.S. to place less emphasis on industrial agriculture for its food production.

"Modern animal agriculture creates the conditions that can lead to the next pandemic," Heath pointed out. "With a lot of genetically similar stressed animals in close contact with human workers."

The U.S. government is working on candidate vaccines for bird flu as part of pandemic preparedness. The CDC said the development of a vaccine is a multistep process, and can take months to complete.

This story is based on original reporting by Julieta Cardenas at Sentient.


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Some North Carolina groups advocating for harm reduction among people struggling with drug addiction are calling for broader access to methadone, a crucial medication for treating opioid addiction.

Louise Vincent, executive director of the grassroots group North Carolina Survivor's Union, said most people can only get methadone at a treatment center, and strict regulations around timing and drug testing pose significant challenges for people in recovery. Vincent believes allowing pharmacies to dispense methadone could make it easier for individuals to stay on their recovery path.

"Pharmacies would make all the difference in the world," asserted. "I've got a Walgreens a block away. I could actually drive my scooter to the Walgreens."

Vincent also emphasized the need to address the stigma around opioid use disorder and the mistreatment she said often occurs in clinics. Over the past two decades, more than 36,000 people in North Carolina have died from overdoses.

Greer Arthur, research director for the North Carolina Collaboratory, said they are funding research and working with other organizations to explore a variety of harm reduction strategies, including allowing pharmacies to dispense methadone.

"Our goal is to be able to provide funding to researchers who can work with pharmacists, and who can listen to all the related organizations and pharmacies to understand, what are some of the barriers that they might be experiencing? Is there a way for us to pilot something like that?" Arthur explained.

She added the research will focus on rural areas and be guided by those directly affected by the opioid crisis or working to address it. On a federal level, the Modernizing Opioid Treatment Access Act was introduced in the U.S. Senate earlier this year, but has yet to see any progress.

Support for this reporting was provided by The Pew Charitable Trusts.


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More and more Hispanic people are taking advantage of California's medical aid-in-dying law, according to a new report from the California Department of Health.

In 2023, 43 terminally ill Hispanic patients used the End-of-Life Option Act to get a prescription to end their suffering and die peacefully. That's compared to 24 patients the year before.

Angela Schultz, California state director for Compassion & Choices, says the group's website and all materials are now available in Spanish.

"It's really important to deliver these materials and education outreach in people's own language, so that they can understand the information without having the confusion of trying to read it in English and translate it themselves," she added.

Compassion & Choices attributes the increase to the ongoing statewide public education campaign in English and Spanish with medical partners, and videos from civil rights leader Dolores Huerta and from José Alejandro Lemuz, a 60-year-old body shop mechanic from Wilmington with terminal prostate cancer - the first Latino to publicly announce his intent to use the prescription.

Schultz said there are still some common misconceptions, and pointed out that medical aid in dying isn't appropriate for people who have advanced dementia. Patients have to be able to make an affirmative choice, and to take the medication on their own.

"Medical aid in dying is for somebody who is 18 years and older, who has a terminal illness with a prognosis of six months or less. It has to be voluntary, and a person has to be mentally capable of making their own healthcare decisions," Schultz explained.

According to the report, in 2023, almost 1,300 patients in the Golden State obtained medical aid-in-dying prescriptions, and 69% took the medication. Almost 64% of the deaths were caused by cancer. The rest stemmed primarily from cardiovascular, neurological and respiratory disease.

As kids head back to school, doctors say there are a few ways parents can prepare for the transition. One important item on the checklist is getting a checkup at the doctor.

Well child visits allow the opportunity for physicals, if kids are playing sports during year for instance, and mental health check-ins as well.

Dr Ryan Brown is a pediatrician with Oklahoma University Health, in the University of Oklahoma Medical Center. He said doctor visits can help with things parents might forget too.

"You don't want to have a kid that's supposed to be on medication at school and then school starts and you're like, 'Oh, I forgot to get it,'" said Brown. "And now he's going one or two or three weeks during the school year, without the medication that he needs to do well at school."

Brown said scheduling dental appointments and eye exams are also important.

Dr Rhonda Randall - Executive Vice President and Chief Medical Officer at UnitedHealthcare - said re-establishing routines for kids is critical as well, noting that sticking to schedules in the morning and at night is stabilizing.

"Do you have family dinners on a regular basis? I recognize that you can't do that every night," said Randall. "Everyone's busy and sometimes running in different directions, but doing that as often as possible really does create a routine that's predictable and healthy for the child."

Brown said parents should be open and listen to their kids. He said those first few weeks can be awkward and stressful.

"Letting the kids know it's okay to be scared, it's okay to feel like you're not accepted that first week or two," said Brown. "Like, 'Oh, I don't know. They don't like me,' or whatever. Everybody has those emotions, and give it more time."