The committee behind an initiative to create open primaries in Arizona has come out on top of several legal challenges.

Just last week, a Maricopa County Superior judge ruled the legislative council responsible for writing descriptions of ballot initiatives wrote a misleading summary of Prop 140, the "Make Elections Fair Act." The council has been instructed to rewrite it.

The Arizona Free Enterprise Club also filed suit against the initiative, claiming it violated the state's "single subject" rule but it was rejected by another judge.

Frank Knapp, director of the advocacy group Business for Democracy, said his group supports the initiative as part of what he calls a "vibrant entrepreneurial economy" in Arizona.

"It is the free enterprise applied to our elections system and what works for the economy will also work for the elections system," Knapp argued. "I think the public will have a better product, they will have a more efficient, more effective government that is more interested in problem-solving."

The Arizona Free Enterprise Club has appealed the judge's decision to the state Supreme Court. Backers of closed primaries said they ensure only members of a given party will influence the party's nominees. But Knapp countered the current system does not make sense for Arizona, where Independent and unaffiliated voters are the largest registered voter bloc in the state.

Knapp stressed the initiative would make political races more competitive and give all voters the freedom to choose between the people vying for office. He added the state's closed primary system means election outcomes are dictated by around 20% of voters in the Republican primary and 15% of voters in the Democratic primary.

"Most seats in the House and Senate in Arizona are 'safe seats,' meaning that whoever wins the primary is more than likely going to win the general election," Knapp pointed out. "That's not very good for democracy."

Data from the Scholars Strategy Network found because of the lack of voter participation in primaries, those who do turn out tend to be more ideologically extreme, which means when a general election rolls around, moderate voters must choose between more polarizing candidates.


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The Democratic National Convention in Chicago kicked off last night with huge crowds and the biggest delegation, some 500 strong, hails from California.

The group is especially enthusiastic about nominee Kamala Harris, since she served the people of the Golden State for decades as district attorney in San Francisco, state Attorney General and then U.S. Senator before becoming vice president.

Rusty Hicks, chair of the California delegation, talked about the historic nature of the convention.

"It's an opportunity for Democrats across the country to come together to get ready to help elect the first Black-South Asian woman President of the United States," Hicks pointed out. "Especially being from California, it's a special night in so many ways."

Hicks noted California has been a leader on many issues that are being highlighted at the convention, including reproductive freedom, LGBTQ+ rights, climate change, the fight against poverty and the role new immigrants play in keeping the economy strong.

Even though California is traditionally a blue state, all but certain to send its electoral votes to Harris in November, Hicks stressed the real battle is to take back control of Congress.

"In order to retake the House of Representatives, we've got to win seats in California and those seats will be won by a handful of votes," Hicks predicted. "The work that we've been doing on the ground has been focused on winning close, tough elections."

Early voting in California is about six weeks away. The first ballots will be mailed on Oct. 7.


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Vice President Kamala Harris has reignited enthusiasm among voters this election season, but polls show not everyone is ready for a woman president.

More than 50% of respondents to a recent YouGov poll believe a woman can serve as commander in chief - that's down from more than 60% in 2015.

Still, University of New Hampshire Professor Emerita of History Ellen Fitzpatrick and author of "The Highest Glass Ceiling: Women's Quest for the American Presidency," said Harris is boosted by voters' concerns about the state of democracy and a younger generation looking for change.

"And in that context," said Fitzpatrick, "the gender question seems to be not very salient to me."

Fitzpatrick said women often have to work harder than men to prove they're qualified for a job. More than 30% of Democrats surveyed said Harris needed a man as her running mate.

Fitzpatrick noted that Harris' campaign would not be possible without the women trailblazers who came before her, including former Secretary of State Hillary Clinton, Senator Margaret Chase Smith of Maine, and Congresswoman Shirley Chisholm of New York - the first African American woman to seek a presidential nomination in 1972.

Fitzpatrick said Chisholm foresaw early on the coalition of working-class people, women, and minorities who've coalesced behind Harris today.

"It was her central insight," said Fitzpatrick, "that younger voters and all of these other groups might provide the basis for the election of the nation's first woman president."

Still, Fitzpatrick noted there will always be some voters opposed to a woman leading the White House, and who believe women are incapable of making decisions related to war and peace.

A Pew Research Center poll finds only one-in-four U.S. adults believe it's extremely or very likely that the U.S. will elect a woman president in their lifetime.

Support for this reporting was provided by the Carnegie Corporation of New York.





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Indiana will be represented by about 90 delegates at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago next week.

Michael Schmuhl, chairman of the Indiana Democratic Party, is brimming with enthusiasm as the state prepares to send its delegation to the convention, which begins Monday. Schmuhl said the total contingent is expected to number close to 120 people, including guests and family members.

"Obviously, our convention is later than the Republican one by a few weeks," Schmuhl noted. "A lot has happened in the last month or so on the Democratic side, and there's just huge enthusiasm."

Despite Indiana not being a key presidential battleground state this cycle, Schmuhl remains hopeful. He pointed out the Democratic National Committee is investing significantly in Indiana to boost voter turnout and organize grassroots efforts.

Schmuhl also highlighted the challenges posed by the state's voter registration laws, which he believes could do more to make voting easier. Indiana is among the "reddest" states in the Midwest but Hoosiers put the state in the Democrats' column for President Barack Obama in 2008, which had not happened in the state since 1964.

"I'm hopeful that investment leads to more turnout," Schmuhl explained. "I would love to see Indiana turn 'blue.' It's a tall order, but I'm excited about not only the presidential ticket at the top, but also our statewide ticket and a lot of our down-ballot races, too."

He stressed the importance of mobilizing college students and young voters, whom he said are vital to the party's strategy.


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