Dado que la ciudad de Baltimore experimentó un calor récord este verano, los esfuerzos locales para combatir el efecto de isla de calor urbana están en curso. Cuando la urbanización extiende asfalto y hormigón a lo largo de kilómetros, las temperaturas diurnas pueden ser hasta 7° más altas que en las zonas periféricas. Este "efecto isla de calor" se está abordando en la ciudad de Baltimore. La directora de Sostenibilidad, Ava Richardson, dice que el mejor enfoque es a través de soluciones basadas en la naturaleza, y ya hay varias partes interesadas involucradas.

"Hay muchas áreas en la ciudad que carecen de esa infraestructura verde o de esos servicios de refrigeración, por así decirlo. Por eso, estamos trabajando con diferentes universidades, incluida la Baltimore Social Environmental Collaborative, para comprender mejor algunas de las dinámicas en torno a los microclimas que verán, porque puede haber una variación significativa en la temperatura de un bloque a otro," explicó además Richardson.

La infraestructura verde puede incluir cosas como plantadores de árboles que reemplazan partes de las aceras, jardines en las azoteas, parches forestales y aplicaciones de abono a las plantas existentes.

Agregar abono a los árboles les da una mayor resiliencia contra la sequía, y cuando llegan fuertes lluvias, los lechos de árboles abonados ayudan a capturar las aguas que corren, que de otro modo desembocaría en la Bahía de Chesapeake. Los esfuerzos locales de hacer compost en la ciudad de Baltimore incluyen varios centros de entrega residenciales, y hay más en camino gracias a una subvención de la USDA. Sophia Hosain, del Departamento de Obras Públicas de la ciudad, agrega que también se están realizando esfuerzos comunitarios para hacer compost.

"Hay varias granjas y jardines urbanos que están haciendo abono en el lugar, por lo que están brindando acceso a nivel de vecindario para que sus comunidades puedan dejar restos de comida, y todo se pueda procesar localmente y luego aplicar en la granja para cultivar sus alimentos. Realmente demostrando sistemas alimentarios circulares," enfatizó Hosain.

El compost en Baltimore recibió un impulso el año pasado cuando la EPA otorgó a la ciudad $4 millones del proyecto de ley bipartidista de infraestructura para una instalación municipal de compost. La instalación de energía solar estará ubicada en un sitio existente de DPW en Bowley's Lane. Se espera que se inicie la construcción el próximo año. Mientras tanto, la ciudad todavía depende de la incineración para abordar algunos aspectos de la eliminación de residuos. Hosain dirige la Office of Waste Diversion y enumera que gran parte de lo que se desecha podría convertirse en abono.

"Estamos analizando lo que los residentes tiran y viendo qué podemos sacar más fácilmente o más eficazmente y reducir nuestra dependencia del incinerador. Cuando observamos la composición de los residuos residenciales en la ciudad, encontramos que alrededor de 100.000 toneladas son compostables," insistió también Hosain.

Ella dice que la ciudad está incinerando aproximadamente la mitad de esa cantidad anualmente. Los lugares de entrega de desechos de alimentos se enumeran en el sitio web de DPW bajo la pestaña de servicios de reciclaje.


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Three environmental nonprofits filed suit Wednesday against the California Air Resources Board to oppose the expansion of a program allowing oil and gas companies to offset their pollution by buying credits from huge farms producing natural gas from animal waste.

Last month, the state amended the low carbon fuel standard to expand credits favoring biogas, arguing it removes methane from the waste stream and creates renewable power.

Tyler Lobdell, staff attorney for the nonprofit co-plaintiff Food and Water Watch, said the program is actually a perverse incentive for factory farms to get bigger.

"The biggest operators, the biggest polluters, are the most rewarded," Lobdell pointed out. "That is the incentive structure here. Go out and be as big and as polluting as possible, and you will see the largest reward from our program."

The low carbon fuel standard is intended to reduce carbon pollution by incentivizing the transition to clean cars. The lawsuit argued the credit program prioritizes pollution-heavy practices over sustainable solutions.

Lobdell noted manure only produces methane when large quantities are liquefied at concentrated animal feeding operations. He suggested the state require factory farms to manage their manure in ways which do not rely on anaerobic environments emitting methane.

"The real solution to addressing pollution is to reduce the pollution, not to monetize it and lock it in for generations," Lobdell contended. "We should be requiring these facilities to more sustainably manage their waste. That would have climate benefits, that would also have benefits to local air quality and to local water quality."

The lawsuit asks the court to require the California Air Resources Board to disclose, analyze and mitigate the environmental impact caused by the change to the low-carbon fuel standard. The other two plaintiffs include the nonprofits Defensores del Valle Central para el Aire y Agua Limpio, and the Animal Legal Defense Fund.


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Business leaders, clean transportation advocates and other experts say new technologies are helping to accelerate the transition to clean trucks and sustainable freight across Pennsylvania. Members of the Clean Trucks Pennsylvania Coalition are calling on federal and state leaders to back programs that support the deployment of clean-power trucks across the Commonwealth.

Jordan Stutt, senior director, northeast region with CALSTART, a nonprofit dedicated to advancing clean transportation solutions, said the goal is to get gas and diesel-powered trucks off the road.

"We are going to take one of the busiest freight corridors in the country, I-95, and turn it into one of the first zero-emission freight corridors in the U.S. That investment and the jobs that it will bring underscore that this transition to clean trucks is all about opportunity," he said.

The coalition is urging Pennsylvania Gov. Josh Shapiro and state and local leaders to adopt the Advanced Clean Trucks Act. Advocates say the act would reduce emissions by 50% by 2030 and achieve net zero by 2050.

Brooke Petry, field organizer with Moms Clean Air Force of Pennsylvania, said zero-emission trucks are the key to cleaning up the air Pennsylvania families breathe. When residents of South Philadelphia step outside in the morning, the air often has a distinct toxic smell, and she added that toxic air pollution doesn't harm everyone equally.

"Here in Philadelphia, children of color are hospitalized for asthma complications at five times the rate of their white peers. Reducing harmful diesel pollution from trucks is a key component to address climate justice in our city and beyond," she explained.

Erin Johnson, Registered Nurse with the Alliance of Nurses for Healthy Environments, said diesel exhaust is responsible for multiple types of respiratory illnesses and cancers in the region.

"The trucks, buses, trains and port operations that keep goods and services moving through our region also contribute to deadly air pollution. Diesel exhaust contains more than 40 known cancer-causing organic substances. The good news is that we have solutions to this diesel pollution problem," she said.


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Members of the environmental nonprofit GreenLatinos are involved in a push to get more Latinos across Texas involved in the fight against methane gas. Texas is one of the largest producers of the hazardous chemical.

Rogelio Meixueiro, Texas community advocate with GreenLatinos, said a large part of the campaign is educating the community.

"They tell me all the problems that they're experiencing, and the moment I connect with them the fact that there's a fracking site less than a mile away, they start seeing how, 'yeah ever since we moved to this area, we started having breathing problems.' The one that hurts me the most is really the birth defects. Learning that Latino women are some of the most impacted with birth defects is heartening," he explained.

He added that meetings will be held across the state over the next six months, culminating with a final day of action in Austin before the state Legislature.

The organization is forming what they call the Latino Methane Table, to make sure everyone has a seat at the table. Meixueiro said elected officials are passing laws that directly impact the immigrant population, and they hope to give them a voice before the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality.

"We're seeing how Latinos are constantly affected the most in the agriculture fields, construction. It's so hot, often we don't associate 'oh, methane' - the thing that we are getting out of the Permian - is actually the one that is creating some of the conditions," he explained.

He added the state has a history of being unfair to minorities.

"For Dallas and Fort Worth, what we're noticing is that there's a long history that is tied with redlining. And we notice how often the communities with the most amount of permits approved for fracking - fracking near day-care centers, fracking near homes - it's usually areas where particularly Latino and Black communities live," he continued.