In the Keystone State and nationwide, educators are voicing concerns that politics are demoralizing current teachers and discouraging others from entering the profession, at a time when more are needed.
They cite school shootings and political rhetoric from GOP vice presidential nominee J.D. Vance, criticizing people without their own children being teachers as reasons the country's teacher shortage might get worse.
Maggie Myers-Atac, who teaches history at Olney High School in Philadelphia, agreed that teaching is a difficult path to choose right now, and can be a challenging work environment.
"We're getting a lot of negativity from a lot of different places," she said. "We're seeing politicians and leaders in the news talk poorly about us. We're seeing families and parents, unfortunately, who have kind of been turned against us and what we're trying to do in our schools."
She added that school administrators also face pressure from higher-ups to implement specific teaching methods that may not align with what teachers know would work best in their classrooms.
Pennsylvania has more than 109,000 teachers in public schools, or roughly one teacher for every 14 students. That's better than the national average of one teacher for every 16 students.
For all its challenges, Myers-Atac said she's convinced teaching is still a rewarding profession. She said her own recent Teacher of the Month award serves as a testament to the positive aspects of the profession countering the negative narrative.
"I had the entire 11th-grade class coming up and congratulating me. I had students who were talking about the impact that being in my classroom had," she said. "And so every day, there's something special and there's something beautiful that you see as a teacher. It's just that the problem is, it's only students and teachers who are recognizing that among themselves - and it's not being seen in larger society."
Citing the teacher shortage in the state, she said one way to address it would be to raise teachers' salaries in Pennsylvania to be more competitive. She would also recommend changes to what she calls the "messaging and values" around education.
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Jude Bruno, president-elect of the Florida Parent Teacher Association, is leading a charge against two controversial education bills which would reshape the state's school system, even as Republican lawmakers tout the measures as expanding parental choice.
The legislative battle comes in what is supposed to be the session's final week, with high stakes for public school funding and governance. His organization opposes House Bill 123, which would permit municipal charter schools to bypass local district oversight, arguing it creates unequal standards for taxpayer-funded institutions.
"We are not against charter schools but we are against mechanisms and rules that would circumvent the governance of our local public schools and our communities," Bruno explained.
The bill's companion, Senate Bill 140, which passed the Senate 30-7 last week, would allow traditional public schools to convert to charter schools with approval from 50% of parents, while explicitly excluding teachers and staff from the voting process. Supporters argued the measures empower families, particularly in underserved communities.
The PTA is raising concerns about proposed budget reductions, which could affect mental health services for students and funding for advanced academic programs. Bruno stressed the growing need for student support services.
"Even coming off the pandemic, we realize how important it is that we address the social and emotional needs of our students," Bruno emphasized. "That can only be effectively done by having licensed practitioners in that field be in our schools."
The PTA's legislative priorities come amid a broader debate over education funding that has pitted parent groups against lawmakers supporting school choice initiatives.
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Tennessee educators are expressing concern over President Donald Trump's push to eliminate the U.S. Department of Education and return control to the states.
The Tennessee Department of Education serves more than 1 million students in 147 districts.
Tanya Coats, president of the Tennessee Education Association, said states already oversee most aspects of public education. She argued the plan risks key student services and could lead to defunding and privatizing public schools, resulting in larger class sizes, less individual attention and fewer resources for students with disabilities.
"Since there's only less than 30 days for most schools in the state of Tennessee to be in service, that it would cut our after-school programs come the next year," Coats pointed out. "And particularly our summer programs that augment this in school learning and skill building."
She noted educators would lose access to programs helping low-income students and those with disabilities go to college.
Gov. Bill Lee supports keeping education control in Tennessee's hands. In his State of the State address, he announced an additional $580 million for public education, including more funding for the Tennessee Investment in Student Achievement formula and another teacher pay raise.
Coats argued if the Department of Education is dismantled, vulnerable students could lose essential academic resources, civil rights protections and life skills, putting their futures at risk. Federal programs like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act have transformed lives, ensuring crucial support for students with disabilities.
"When we think about if it's transferred to another department, it will likely cause chaos," Coats emphasized. "Chaos for those students with special needs and their families. But students and their families who currently have these Individualized Education Program and students with special needs will adversely be the most impacted by this change."
According to National Education Association, more than $308 million is allocated for Individuals with Disabilities Education Act funding in Tennessee.
Coats urged legislators, the governor and local communities to recognize the risks of unequal access to vital educational services. She stressed it is crucial every child, regardless of their ZIP Code, receives the support they need.
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Mississippi's decade-long focus on early literacy has transformed the state.
According to the Mississippi Department of Education, the state's fourth graders are making the nation's largest gains on reading assessments. They once ranked last on the tests. Media reports have dubbed the transformation the "Mississippi miracle."
Harry Patrinos, professor of education policy at the University of Arkansas, said the turnaround is anything but luck.
"Mississippi was 49th in the state in fourth grade reading. In just a decade, they went to 21st place in reading, and these gains continued to impress," Patrinos explained. "The country was hit with the school closures during COVID-19 but since then, Mississippi has not lost anything in terms of learning outcomes, which is rare in the country and the world."
The state's progress stems from its 2013 Literacy-Based Promotion Act, which emphasized speech-based instruction, early intervention and retention for students not meeting reading benchmarks.
Michelle Nowell, executive director of elementary education and reading for the Mississippi Department of Education, said the so-called "miracle" comes from sustained reforms focused on teacher training.
"We have renamed it the Mississippi Marathon," Nowell noted. "When I say we, I mean the department, the literacy coaches, because it really was a marathon, not a miracle because so much hard work went into it."
Nowell believes it is the human element behind the policy success, describing how literacy coaches from the state's education department built trust in schools across the state.
"In the past, anytime you mentioned MDE and MDE visiting a school district, it wasn't always a good thing," Nowell acknowledged. "It was either for an audit, and we wanted to change that perception. It's not a gotcha, we're here to help you. So we had to really build those relationships."
According to Patrinos, the reforms had an extra cost of $32 per student annually. The Trump administration recently announced $132 million in cuts to Mississippi's education funding, threatening the long-term success of its literacy programs.
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