With President Joe Biden in Baltimore today to talk about infrastructure and the climate crisis, the state is in the process of finalizing a new set of energy-use goals for large buildings.
Estimates indicate Maryland's buildings account for around a third of the state's greenhouse gas emissions. To reach goals set under the 2022 Climate Solutions Now Act, the Maryland Department of the Environment has developed energy performance standards for buildings 35,000 square feet and larger.
Veronique Bugnion, CEO of the Maryland-based consulting firm ClearlyEnergy, said performance standards are needed to help cities and states reach climate goals.
"Codes and code improvements are great but there's only so many new buildings being built, and there's an awful lot of existing building stock," Bugnion pointed out. "To tackle the emissions of the existing buildings, new tools were required and that's where building performance standards came from."
There are around 9,000 affected buildings across the state.
Starting next year, building owners will begin reporting energy use to the Maryland Department of the Environment. In 2030 buildings will have to begin meeting interim standards with net-zero emissions set to be required in 2040. Exemptions are available for historic buildings and schools among others.
Bugnion noted one of the virtues of performance standards is allowing flexibility for building owners.
"It really doesn't tell them what to do, it tells them what standard to meet and the standards gradually get more stringent over time," Bugnion explained. "So the first couple years, the expectation is buildings will find ways to do some of the obvious things. But over time, the writing is on the wall that as systems age out, they're going to need to replace them with much more efficient systems."
The department anticipates building owners will eventually convert existing heating and cooling systems to high efficiency electric options such as heat pumps. The energy use data reported next year will be used to calculate Energy Use Intensity Standards which are set to be adopted in 2027.
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CORRECTION: An earlier version of this story said LanzaJet was already producing sustainable aviation fuel. It has plans to do so at this point. (8:30 AM MST, January 27, 2024)
Georgia is the nation's top forestry state, grappling with overproduction and the aftermath of severe storms which damaged timber supplies.
Industry leaders and policymakers are turning to
sustainable aviation fuel to boost the industry, create jobs and reduce carbon emissions.
Sen. Larry Walker, R-Perry, is on the Senate's committee for forestry innovation. He said the growing demand for sustainable aviation fuel from companies like Delta Air Lines highlights its potential. However, he emphasized expanding production requires strategic federal policies and research to ensure long-term growth.
"To invest in a facility that manufactures SAF, it's a huge investment. It's a long-term proposition," Walker stressed. "We need some certainty out of Washington what the public policy is going to be, what the incentives to create this industry are."
He explained a robust industry could have been an alternative use for storm-damaged timber from Hurricane Helene, potentially lessening the economic blow to rural communities. Walker added state lawmakers plan to introduce bills during the 2025 legislative session to support forestry innovation and expand sustainable aviation fuel production in the state.
Jimmy Samartzis is the CEO of LanzaJet, a company in Soperton, Georgia that plans to produce sustainable aviation fuel. He says SAF is cleaner and more efficient than traditional jet fuel, and it's made from existing carbon sources above ground. He thinks it could revitalize Georgia's timber industry and rural communities.
Samartzis says LanzaJet's facility has created at least 30 well-paying jobs, and can use forestry byproducts to produce ethanol for SAF, and potentially boost the local economy. He emphasizes further investment is crucial to addressing the challenges in building this industry from the ground up.
"We are finding, not just in the United States but abroad as well, government plays a really important role in trying to get a new industry off the ground, including the SAF industry," Samartzis noted. "To help offset some of the higher costs that exist with building these first plants and producing the first products."
He added while federal policies like the Inflation Reduction Act and the 45-Z clean fuel tax credit aimed to support sustainable aviation fuel, their implementation has created challenges for alcohol-to-jet technologies. Despite this, he sees rising global demand as an opportunity for Georgia to lead in clean energy innovation and expand its economic impact.
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Indiana lawmakers are advancing a plan to bring nuclear energy to the state.
House Bill 1007 would establish a framework for investing in advanced nuclear technology.
Rep. Ed Soliday, R-Valparaiso, chair of the House Utilities, Energy, and Telecommunications Committee, authored the bill after state energy officials warned of power shortage risks without new energy sources.
"If we are going to be telling the world we're going to onshore a lot of things that have been taken offshore, we've got to provide for it," Soliday contended. "We have to provide the infrastructure, and this is happening rapidly."
Critics cautioned the bill could raise electric bills for residents. Building nuclear reactors is costly, with estimates ranging from $2 billion to $3 billion per reactor. The bill failed to pass out of committee, but is set for a vote next week. It would allow utility companies to recover development costs through rate increases.
Under the proposal, utilities would need to justify development costs to the Indiana Utility Regulatory Commission before passing them on to customers.
Indiana Secretary of Energy and Natural Resources Suzanne Jaworoski said the bill is the foundation to bring much needed energy generation to the state.
"It attracts advanced nuclear energy which is the future of energy," Jaworoski asserted. "It is sustainable. It is affordable. It is reliable. It is resilient. It is environmentally sound."
Lawmakers are debating whether the long-term benefits of nuclear energy outweigh the financial burden it may place on Hoosiers. For now, the debate over Indiana's energy future continues.
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Montana is a U.S. leader in the growing industry of sustainable aviation fuel. Experts in the field, and in the agricultural sector, hope to see new policies to support its development.
Sustainable aviation fuel can be made from a variety of agricultural inputs, including seed crops, which produce oils processed into fuel with a low-carbon footprint. Industry growth could mean new buyers for ag producers in the state, where Montana Renewables was the highest domestic producer of sustainable aviation fuel last year.
Bruce Fleming, CEO of the company, said China and Brazil are outpacing U.S. growth.
"If we can get our policy figured out, if we can get American innovation going and not fall behind, then we've got solutions here that will benefit the ag sector, particularly the farmers and ranchers," Fleming explained.
In terms of policy, Fleming acknowledged the "goalposts keep moving," because they vary between agencies at the state and federal levels, making it difficult to plan. He hopes to see policies that embrace the SAF innovation, as the nation did for ethanol.
Nicole Rolf, senior director of government affairs for the Montana Farm Bureau Federation, said the opportunity for farmers to grow and market new commodities is enticing, but she will be watching for tax credits and other policies to support producers.
"How do we make sure that we put the right incentives in place so that we're truly using American-grown feedstocks, and crops and commodities, to feed these sustainable aviation-fuel suppliers?" Rolf asked.
The industry sees both challenges and benefits in Montana. For instance, there are currently no local oilseed crushers, so farmers must ship seeds for processing out-of-state. Rolf pointed out Montana is prepared to ship the finished product by rail and other means, as it already does for other energy products.
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