By Lauren Cohen / Broadcast version by Farah Siddiqi reporting for the Kent State NewsLab-Ohio News Connection Collaboration.

When Derek Calkins woke up in the hospital in January 2021, he couldn’t see or move.

He didn’t have his glasses and his legs and arms weren’t working, he recounted. With tubes coming out of his body and a ventilator in his neck, he couldn’t talk, and he couldn’t discern what was real and what wasn’t.

“I was scared,” Calkins said. “I didn’t know what was going on. No one was coming in.”

He later learned that after a successful planned surgery on Dec. 1, 2020, he aspirated fluid into his lungs and had to have an emergency surgery. Although it was successful, Calkins’ oxygen levels were still low. Then he tested positive for COVID-19 and was moved to the intensive care unit at another hospital.

As it was the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, that hospital had implemented a no-visitor policy. Calkins said he was incredibly disoriented, going in and out of consciousness due to pain medications, and craving human contact — but couldn’t have someone there in person to advocate for him.

Legislation that took effect last month would prevent others from experiencing what Calkins did, proponents say.

“Never Alone Act” prohibits denial of a patient advocate during public health emergencies

The “Never Alone Act,” or H.B. 236, was introduced by Ohio State Reps. Melanie Miller (R-City of Ashland) and Beth Lear (R-Galena) and signed into law by Gov. Mike DeWine in December. It went into effect March 20.

The bill passed in the Ohio House of Representatives with a unanimous vote of 89-0. It “prohibits a congregate care setting from denying a patient or resident access to an advocate during public health emergencies.” 

Miller said in a press release that her awareness of the need for patient rights protection inspired her to sponsor the bill. Neither sponsor returned requests for comment.

Susan Wallace, president of the nonprofit trade group LeadingAge Ohio, which represents roughly 375 aging service operators in Ohio, said her organization created the first draft of the protocol when they brought families back together in visitation during the pandemic.

“There was a concern from a number of groups, including the sponsor lawmakers,” Wallace said. “They wanted to make sure that never happens again, that kind of separation. So, they drafted this bill.”

Preventing isolation

The Ohio Laws & Administrative Rules Legislative Service Commission has a bill of rights for nursing home and residential care facility residents. It includes the right to private visits at any reasonable hour and unrestricted communications with a resident’s family.

Wallace said the new law will add an extra layer of protection for patient rights, though it won’t have a day-to-day impact because emergency pandemic orders are not in effect anymore.

“Having connections to loved ones is always important,” she said. “Our nursing facilities are not cut off from the world, they're nested within the communities, and they are extensions of the family, and so anything that we can do to preserve those connections is really important.”

Physical and mental consequences of isolation

Calkins said the isolation he experienced in the ICU took a major toll on him.

Eventually, he said his wife was allowed one-hour visits, and when he was transferred to a long-term care facility in early February, she was able to come once per week.

“I had a little clock by the TV,” Calkins said. “I would seriously stare at the clock waiting for that one hour she could come in. It was bad.”

After being moved to a rehab unit, his wife could visit daily.

“One day, she took my kids in front of the hospital, and I could see them through the window,” he said. “Both my girls were crying because they couldn’t visit me, but at least they saw me.”

Mary Malek, a Twinsburg-based clinical psychologist who specializes in medical trauma, said visitation restrictions took a toll on healthcare workers as well as patients.

“The collateral damage of this… no one is unaffected,” Malek said. “You’re trained to save lives. You’re trained to go in to be able to do your job … and it came at a high cost.”

She said she had experience with emergency medical technicians, first responders and physicians who lost their jobs or were threatened with their medical licenses for going against the mandate. In the future, she said she hopes people will be better protected.

In addition to his social isolation, Calkins said because he wasn’t shifted in his bed as often as he needed to be, he developed multiple bed sores. His legs and arms wouldn’t work properly since they were left in one position for so long.

He believes if his wife had been allowed to be there, she would have advocated for him to be taken care of properly. He said H.B. 236 gives him hope that nobody else will have to go through what he went through.

“Having someone there and being able to talk to them and being able to describe to you what’s going on, that helps tremendously,” he said. “You’re no longer alone.”


This collaboration is produced in association with Media in the Public Interest and funded in part by the George Gund Foundation.


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The Kentucky Cabinet for Health and Family Services is reporting a second confirmed measles case in March, in a child who was traveling through the state while seeking treatment.

The first reported case this year occurred in an adult Kentucky resident in February. Measles is a highly contagious respiratory virus spread through the air that can cause serious health complications.

Cody Kemmer, communications coordinator with Kentucky Voices for Health, said declining vaccination rates in the state have allowed measles to start spreading again.

"Kentucky already had one of the lowest MMR coverages in the nation, and that brings us to our lowest coverage in seven years," said Kemmer. "In fact, we've got lower statewide coverage than some of those states that are currently experiencing outbreaks, so we are vulnerable."

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said as of May 1, 935 confirmed measles cases have been reported nationwide. Nearly all involve people who were unvaccinated or unsure about their vaccination status.

According to state data, vaccination rates among Kentucky kindergartners have dropped to levels lower than before the pandemic.

Kemmer said the disruption caused by COVID-19 set many families off track.

"With the pandemic, many families fell behind on their routine checkups and wellness visits," said Kemmer. "That delay created a lag in staying current with the CDC schedule for recommended vaccines."

He added that the end of the school year is a good time to start making doctor's appointments, especially for new families navigating immunization schedules.

"We want to encourage families to be proactive and make an immunization plan for their family," said Kemmer. "Staying on track with those recommended immunizations, like the MMR vaccine, lets families enjoy their summer."

A recent poll by the health policy research organization KFF found nearly a quarter of participants believed false claims about measles vaccinations and have not had their child vaccinated.



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Groups advocating for better access to health care have introduced what they call "Care4All California," a package of 13 bills designed to shore up the health system as the state braces for the possibility of huge cuts in federal funding for Medi-Cal.

The bills aim to get more people insured, connect them to care and make health care more affordable.

Chris Noble, organizing director for the nonprofit Health Access California, explained the group's priorities.

"It's crucial that our State Legislature shows their commitment to advancing a universal, affordable and equitable health care system," Noble emphasized. "This year's package of legislative and budget priorities requires no interventions by the federal government and should be adopted to safeguard our health care system in case there are federal attacks."

One bill would make sure people with Medicare supplemental insurance cannot be penalized for having preexisting conditions. Another would require hospitals to prescreen all patients to see if they are eligible for discounted or charity care programs. A third bill would allow undocumented people access to health plans on the CoveredCA exchange. Opponents cited cost concerns.

Noble emphasized the bills build on the progress California has made to lower its uninsured rate.

"These priorities will continue to cover gaps within our health care system, ensure that when people are denied or delayed care, there's certain accountability, or ensure that folks are getting access to accurate and up-to-date provider directories," Noble outlined.

Advocates have also made a number of budget requests, including one to give kids who qualify for Medi-Cal continuous coverage from birth to age 5, rather than making their parents reapply every year.

As Republican lawmakers in Washington, D.C., consider cuts to Medicaid, a new report has found thousands of veterans in Virginia could be affected.

Virginia passed Medicaid expansion in 2018, which broadened who qualified for the program, including people under 65 and without children who make 138% or less of the federal poverty level. The report by The Commonwealth Institute showed more than 47,000 Virginia veterans receive health coverage through Medicaid.

Freddy Mejia, policy director at the institute, said work requirements or cuts to the Medicaid expansion would increase barriers to Virginians' access to health care.

"We just kind of want to raise the profile of how federal cuts to Medicaid could impact not only hundreds of thousands of Virginians, nearly 629,000 Virginians that have health coverage through Medicaid expansion, but also to veterans in particular here in Virginia," Mejia outlined.

Rep. Mike Johnson, R-La., the Speaker of the House, has said the Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act allowed people who did not truly need the benefit to enroll. Republicans have called for major cuts in spending across the federal government but are split on which entitlement programs should be trimmed, and by how much.

Virginia is one of eight states with what is known as an automatic trigger law in place, where states would immediately end their expansion if the federal government lowers its funding of the Medicaid expansion below 90%.

Mejia argued veterans in the Commonwealth would get caught up in the cuts.

"If the federal government decides to reduce funding for Medicaid expansion by even 1%, our state law means that it would automatically end Medicaid expansion," Mejia pointed out. "That would immediately throw potentially thousands of veterans off of coverage."

More than 20% of Virginians access health care through Medicaid.


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