COLUMBUS, Ohio – Amid the heated debate about Issue 1, a recent survey of peer-reviewed studies demonstrates the negative impact of prison on communities and families.

Criminologist Donald Hutcherson of Cleveland State University and Policy Matters Ohio Director Amy Hanauer reviewed more than 40 studies and found that serving time behind bars makes it more difficult to obtain an education, find a job and fulfill parental obligations.

It's not surprising to Maggie Cook of East Liverpool, who has witnessed the cycle of addiction, prison and poverty within her own family.

"They will do the time and we don't have the rehabilitation in the prison, so they're not getting any better,” she states. “They get out and they try to get help and it's still pointless because they still have that felony. You see it every day. People can't get jobs, they can't get their kids back."

Louis Tobin, executive director of the Ohio Prosecuting Attorneys Association, counters that the criminal justice system already works to provide treatment options to keep people out of prison.

"When you talk to judges and prosecutors, you'll find out that for the most part we're already offering treatment to addicts in the community, and that by the time a decision is made to send somebody to prison, they've violated community control or probation six, seven or eight times,” he point out. “And if you don't get them out of community, something worse is going to happen."

The review predicts Issue 1 would allow 10,000 people to be treated in the community instead of prison.

The review also found that those who've been in prison are more likely to be in poverty, to need public assistance, and to be in poor health.

Libbie Crawford, whose father took his own life after suffering from addiction, favors treatment options so no other families have to live without a parent.

"Kids need both parents to succeed,” she stresses. “And the current state of putting people in prison and not treating them for their addiction doesn't help the people that are addicted and it has a horrible effect on the family."

Kyle Strickland, a legal analyst at the Kirwan Institute for the Study of Race and Ethnicity at The Ohio State University, adds that Ohio should implement policies and practices focused on reform, and rehabilitation, while approaching addiction humanely.

"We have to get communities engaged, communities invested to actually build up entire communities rather than just tearing people away from their families and kind of locking them up and throwing the key away,” he advises. “And we need to really treat this with a lens of public health."

This is the fourth installment of a five part series that examines the intersection between mass incarceration and addiction. The final part runs Friday and examines some of the arguments for and against Issue 1.

Reporting for this story by Ohio News Connection was in association with Media in the Public Interest and funded in part by the George Gund Foundation.


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Mississippi prisons often lack resources to treat people who are incarcerated with substance-use disorders adequately but a nonprofit organization is offering alternative programs focused on treatment instead of incarceration.

The Magnolia State has one of the highest incarceration rates in the nation, with more than 1,000 people per 100,000 residents behind bars.

Christina Dent, founder and president of End It For Good, said they invite people to support approaches to drugs prioritizing life, preserving families and promoting public safety.

"We do education out in the community - with citizens, with advocates, with policymakers - to help them understand why a punitive criminal justice approach to drugs and addiction has not produced good results and why a health-centered approach would produce much better results," Dent explained.

It is estimated more than 578,000 people in state and federal prisons in 2022 had a substance-use disorder in the year prior to their admission, according to the Prison Policy Initiative.

Dent emphasized they recommend lawmakers look at other alternatives to stop reactionary approaches resulting in Mississippians paying harsher penalties for crimes such as drug possession.

"Shift away from increasing penalties," Dent urged. "Another thing that we could do would be to reduce penalties or recategorize penalties for something like drug possession. We would love to see a shift from treating drug possession as potentially a felony to drug possession being a misdemeanor. "

Dent noted such an alternative approach would allow individuals impacted to more easily regain employment, support their families and reintegrate into society. She added felony convictions create lifelong barriers to employment and self-sufficiency.


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April is Second Chance Month and many Nebraskans are celebrating passage of a bipartisan voting rights restoration bill and its focus on second chances.

Legislative Bill 20 restores voting rights to those convicted of a felony upon completion of their sentence, eliminating the two-year waiting period.

Jason Witmer, policy fellow at the ACLU of Nebraska, said the change will promote success for formerly incarcerated Nebraskans. He pointed out it also will increase the likelihood of the state meeting the objectives Gov. Jim Pillen and the Department of Corrections have committed to.

Nebraska became the fourth state to join "Reentry 2030," a national initiative of the Council of State Governments focused on strengthening programs and removing obstacles for those reentering society after incarceration.

"The more somebody can have their rights in place for them, the more invested they are in the society," Witmer contended. "The more invested you are in your community and your society, the more likely you are to succeed. And the right to vote is fundamentally part of reintegrating into society. It's your civil voice."

Reentry 2030 aims to have all 50 states commit to improving outcomes for formerly incarcerated people. Nebraska's goals include increasing GED completion and college coursework by those in Nebraska prisons, and reducing recidivism 50% by 2030.

Pillen allowed the measure to become law but stated it contains "potential constitutional issues" which could lead to a legal challenge.

Nebraska's recidivism rate for those who left prison between 2019 and 2022 was nearly 30%.

Witmer noted it is at least partly attributable to the challenges people face upon leaving incarceration.

"You did the time, and then you come out and find out, 'Oh, I can't vote. Oh, housing is almost impossible to get. Oh, I can't work here,'" Witmer outlined. "Suddenly you don't feel like you're a part of any of this."

Across the country, 37 other states restore voting rights to those charged with a felony either immediately after incarceration or after completing parole or probation. Two states and the District of Columbia allow people to vote while incarcerated.

A new website aims to help Kentuckians just out of prison re-enter their communities and find job training, employment and recovery services.

April is Second Chance Month - and according to the Prison Policy Initiative, about 60% of formerly incarcerated individuals are jobless.

Gov. Andy Beshear said the website - secondchance.ky.gov - is meant to cut bureaucracy around job searching, and tie resources together in one spot to make it easier for people to get back on their feet.

"We are not our worst day," said Beshear. "When we look at how many people have a criminal record in Kentucky, this is the right thing to do. But it's also necessary from a workforce standpoint."

In 2021, lawmakers passed legislation that tasked the Kentucky Department of Corrections with issuing certificates of employability to people who successfully complete programs while incarcerated.

It also helps increase access to state-issued IDs for those leaving prison.

The website includes information on resume help, job searches and local reentry services.

Beshear said eventually, the site will contain a comprehensive list of employers - such as Kentucky State Parks, which is a participant in second chance employment.

"If they need to find resources on how to get that next level of education or workforce training," said Beshear, "and then ultimately be able to see a list of employers that are willing to look at them for second chance employment."

Businesses in the Commonwealth can also find information about programs that can aid in hiring and retaining more second-chance employees - including the Fair Chance Academy, Kentucky Transformational Employment program, Prison-to-Work Pipeline, and Jobs on Day One programs.