INDIANAPOLIS – This Thanksgiving, concerns about salmonella in turkey products are on the table for many consumer groups.

A drug-resistant strain of the bacteria is blamed for more than 160 people falling ill in 35 states in the past year, and one death, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Steve Suppan, a senior policy analyst with the Institute for Agriculture and Trade Policy, says this current outbreak could be the product of 15 years of privatizing the U.S. Department of Agriculture food inspection process.

He says poultry plants can now determine their own line speed – up to 175 birds a minute – making it nearly impossible for inspectors to adequately examine birds.

"The carcasses can have fecal matter on them,” Suppan points out. “The fecal matter is the most likely source of the salmonella.

“So there's, I would say, a relationship between this new poultry inspection system and the salmonella performance failure that needs to be investigated."

Indiana is the fourth largest turkey-producing state in the nation.

The USDA's Food and Safety Inspection Service has identified at least 22 turkey slaughterhouses and seven processing plants where tainted meat has passed through.

But the agency says it would be irresponsible to link producers with an outbreak investigation when a link between a facility and an illness has not yet been made.

Laura MacCleery, policy director at the Center for Science in the Public Interest, advises people to follow the food safety guidelines when preparing turkey for Thanksgiving, or any day.

"Folks should use gloves when they handle the turkey, wash hands very carefully,” she says. “They shouldn't rinse the turkey. They should thaw it in a bag in the fridge and follow all the best safe-handling practices."

There have been three cases of this salmonella strain in Indiana over the past year, and the CDC notes that for every one case that's reported, an estimated 29 aren't.

MacCleery says sometimes people with salmonella infection have no symptoms, while others develop diarrhea, fever and abdominal cramps.

"This particular strain has caused one fatality,” she states. “We usually see them as severe complications with regard to people with compromised immune systems, or older people or children.

“You can even have permanent and disabling injuries like organ damage. "

Suppan says another big problem is that workers handling wild birds also are getting sick.

"As long as the U.S. government does nothing but protect the industry, the industry is not going to feel any pressure to change its production practices – and that has to happen," he stresses.


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More than 1 million people in North Carolina are diabetic and they have become increasingly worried about the national shortage of insulin.

The access problems in North Carolina are prompting some individuals to either ration their medication or switch to different brands, which can significantly complicate their diabetes management.

Jessica Lynn-Lato of Charlotte was diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes at age 28 during pregnancy. She said she has seen firsthand the challenges the insulin shortage has created.

"We typically are prescribed 10-milliliter vials," Lynn-Lato explained. "Some people were being prescribed three 3-milliliter vials. Other people were being prescribed insulin pens or altogether having the type of insulin they use changed to a different brand."

She emphasized the urgent need for transparency about the causes of the current insulin shortage and for proactive measures to ensure access to the lifesaving medication.

Lynn-Lato explained for decades, people have struggled with insulin access for a variety of reasons, primarily cost. She recounted the tragic loss of her nephew, who was forced to ration insulin when he could not afford it.

"When he was 21 years old, he went to the pharmacy to pick up his insulin and couldn't afford to pay for it," Lynn-Lato noted. "He started using less insulin, which is something many people attempt to do to make it last longer. And sadly, it caught up with him two months later."

She believes if the Affordable Care Act, and more recently, President Joe Biden's cap on insulin costs through the Inflation Reduction Act, had happened sooner, it could have saved her nephew's life.

According to Lynn-Lato, systemic reforms are needed to address the root causes of insulin shortages and improve affordability and accessibility for diabetes patients.

"I think it falls on the FDA to maybe set some standards here, when you're dealing with medications that people literally need to live," Lynn-Lato stressed.

She encouraged people to advocate for themselves by reaching out to their lawmakers and the Food and Drug Administration.

The number of avian flu cases in dairy cows is holding steady in New Mexico but experts say more testing is needed to prevent its spread and protect humans.

Technically known as H5N1, "bird flu" has been detected in eight Curry County herds, although no deaths were reported. In Texas, a man is known to have become ill with bird flu last month after contact with infected dairy cattle.

Andrew Pekosz, professor of molecular microbiology and immunology at Johns Hopkins University, said the transmission to humans is cause for concern.

"Given that dairy farms have a large number of people who come in contact with infected cows, there is an increased chance of the H5N1 virus also directly infecting humans and beginning that process of adapting to replication and spread within humans themselves," Pekosz explained.

He acknowledged the risk to the public is still very low, but argued the U.S. should improve its response to new and emerging infections in order to minimize the chance of another pandemic. The U.S. Department of Agriculture announced this week it will pay dairy farms with confirmed avian flu infections to help contain the virus' spread to people and more cows.

In Texas, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention confirmed the virus killed a dozen cats who drank raw cow milk.

Meghan Davis, associate professor of environmental health and engineering at Johns Hopkins University, said due to extensive federal food checks prior to human consumption, she believes it is safe to eat poultry and drink milk, with one exception.

"Raw milk and raw milk products may not undergo the same processes to inactivate the virus," Davis pointed out. "I have very large concerns about the safety of raw milk."

In addition to New Mexico, last month's outbreak affected more than 33 dairy cow herds in seven other states. To date, federal officials only mandate testing for dairy cows moving between states.


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Newborns benefit the most from their mother's milk but may not always receive it.

An Indiana nonprofit group works to get breastmilk donations for premature babies. Similar to a blood bank, The Milk Bank accepts breastmilk donations from nursing mothers. Breastmilk is vital to a child's growth and development but what should be a natural occurrence between mother and child has sometimes historically been used as a tool of subordination.

Andrea Freeman, professor at Southwestern Law School, has conducted research on breastfeeding and found it has been a concern among Black families for more than 200 years.

"Black women breastfeed at lower rates than any other women, and always have done," Freeman explained. "This is a story that started during enslavement, and has continued ever since. And there are a lot of health consequences to Black families not having the same choice whether to breastfeed [or] use formula as other families."

Freeman asserted the baby formula industry is powerful in America, and the U.S. Department of Agriculture is its biggest purchaser. She stated the industry's perks and lobbying persuade medical professionals to promote using formula instead of encouraging new moms to breastfeed.

One study found infants who are not breastfed have higher chances of pneumonia, childhood obesity, diabetes, Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and more. But medications or a parent's financial need to return to work could mean opting for baby formula instead.

Jenna Streit, advancement director for The Milk Bank, said it sends 80% of breastmilk donations to the most medically fragile infants in neonatal intensive care units. She pointed out potential donors undergo thorough screening.

"They complete a prescreen online on our website and after that, they complete a more detailed health history," Streit outlined. "They get a blood test done at The Milk Bank's expense. And then, we also reach out to their health care provider to get their consent for donation as well."

She said the organization does experience shortages at certain times of the year. Streit acknowledged more donor milk was available during the pandemic because more moms were at home. According to the nonprofit Women4Change, one in four women returns to work within 14 days after childbirth.