North Carolina's public school system is facing a crisis, according to the recently released "Public Schooling in America 2024" report.
It ranks the state's public school system 48th in the nation. Among the key findings, North Carolina received one of the worst scores for privatization laws.
Kris Nordstrom, senior policy analyst for the North Carolina Justice Center in Raleigh, raised concerns about the effect of voucher laws on public education. Initially designed to support low-income families, the voucher program has now expanded without income limits.
"It was now open to families of all incomes including millionaires and billionaires, and it's also open to families who already enrolled in private schools and have proven that they can afford private school," Nordstrom pointed out.
He noted it means more dollars are being diverted away from those who need it most, such as families with low incomes, students with disabilities, multilingual learners and rural schools. He argued in the long run it will only create more disparities in student opportunities. Public schools around the country were ranked based on privatization laws, home schooling, financial support for schools and the freedom to teach and learn.
Yevonne Brannon, board member of the group Public Schools First NC, emphasized the consequences of underfunding schools and the lack of teacher support. In North Carolina, teacher salaries trail the national average by 21%. She emphasized the report reflects low salaries, chronic staff shortages and lack of resources, which have resulted in high turnover rates among teachers. She said they are calling on legislatures to make changes to strengthen the schools and promote better student outcomes.
"We have got to change how we fund our schools," Brannon contended. "We've got to fund our schools better, and that includes paying our teachers and all the educators in the building better. The other thing is that we have to change some of our policies that are really limiting."
She stressed another issue impacting students is a lack of accountability and transparency in private schools receiving public funds. Without the requirements public schools have, she questioned the effectiveness of the institutions in providing an adequate education for all students. Brannon also emphasized the strong bipartisan support for public education in other states ranking well. She believes it underscores funding schools should be a nonpartisan issue.
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Jude Bruno, president-elect of the Florida Parent Teacher Association, is leading a charge against two controversial education bills which would reshape the state's school system, even as Republican lawmakers tout the measures as expanding parental choice.
The legislative battle comes in what is supposed to be the session's final week, with high stakes for public school funding and governance. His organization opposes House Bill 123, which would permit municipal charter schools to bypass local district oversight, arguing it creates unequal standards for taxpayer-funded institutions.
"We are not against charter schools but we are against mechanisms and rules that would circumvent the governance of our local public schools and our communities," Bruno explained.
The bill's companion, Senate Bill 140, which passed the Senate 30-7 last week, would allow traditional public schools to convert to charter schools with approval from 50% of parents, while explicitly excluding teachers and staff from the voting process. Supporters argued the measures empower families, particularly in underserved communities.
The PTA is raising concerns about proposed budget reductions, which could affect mental health services for students and funding for advanced academic programs. Bruno stressed the growing need for student support services.
"Even coming off the pandemic, we realize how important it is that we address the social and emotional needs of our students," Bruno emphasized. "That can only be effectively done by having licensed practitioners in that field be in our schools."
The PTA's legislative priorities come amid a broader debate over education funding that has pitted parent groups against lawmakers supporting school choice initiatives.
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Tennessee educators are expressing concern over President Donald Trump's push to eliminate the U.S. Department of Education and return control to the states.
The Tennessee Department of Education serves more than 1 million students in 147 districts.
Tanya Coats, president of the Tennessee Education Association, said states already oversee most aspects of public education. She argued the plan risks key student services and could lead to defunding and privatizing public schools, resulting in larger class sizes, less individual attention and fewer resources for students with disabilities.
"Since there's only less than 30 days for most schools in the state of Tennessee to be in service, that it would cut our after-school programs come the next year," Coats pointed out. "And particularly our summer programs that augment this in school learning and skill building."
She noted educators would lose access to programs helping low-income students and those with disabilities go to college.
Gov. Bill Lee supports keeping education control in Tennessee's hands. In his State of the State address, he announced an additional $580 million for public education, including more funding for the Tennessee Investment in Student Achievement formula and another teacher pay raise.
Coats argued if the Department of Education is dismantled, vulnerable students could lose essential academic resources, civil rights protections and life skills, putting their futures at risk. Federal programs like the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act have transformed lives, ensuring crucial support for students with disabilities.
"When we think about if it's transferred to another department, it will likely cause chaos," Coats emphasized. "Chaos for those students with special needs and their families. But students and their families who currently have these Individualized Education Program and students with special needs will adversely be the most impacted by this change."
According to National Education Association, more than $308 million is allocated for Individuals with Disabilities Education Act funding in Tennessee.
Coats urged legislators, the governor and local communities to recognize the risks of unequal access to vital educational services. She stressed it is crucial every child, regardless of their ZIP Code, receives the support they need.
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Mississippi's decade-long focus on early literacy has transformed the state.
According to the Mississippi Department of Education, the state's fourth graders are making the nation's largest gains on reading assessments. They once ranked last on the tests. Media reports have dubbed the transformation the "Mississippi miracle."
Harry Patrinos, professor of education policy at the University of Arkansas, said the turnaround is anything but luck.
"Mississippi was 49th in the state in fourth grade reading. In just a decade, they went to 21st place in reading, and these gains continued to impress," Patrinos explained. "The country was hit with the school closures during COVID-19 but since then, Mississippi has not lost anything in terms of learning outcomes, which is rare in the country and the world."
The state's progress stems from its 2013 Literacy-Based Promotion Act, which emphasized speech-based instruction, early intervention and retention for students not meeting reading benchmarks.
Michelle Nowell, executive director of elementary education and reading for the Mississippi Department of Education, said the so-called "miracle" comes from sustained reforms focused on teacher training.
"We have renamed it the Mississippi Marathon," Nowell noted. "When I say we, I mean the department, the literacy coaches, because it really was a marathon, not a miracle because so much hard work went into it."
Nowell believes it is the human element behind the policy success, describing how literacy coaches from the state's education department built trust in schools across the state.
"In the past, anytime you mentioned MDE and MDE visiting a school district, it wasn't always a good thing," Nowell acknowledged. "It was either for an audit, and we wanted to change that perception. It's not a gotcha, we're here to help you. So we had to really build those relationships."
According to Patrinos, the reforms had an extra cost of $32 per student annually. The Trump administration recently announced $132 million in cuts to Mississippi's education funding, threatening the long-term success of its literacy programs.
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