Leaders in Ohio and the other Appalachian states have a plan to turn the regional economy around.

Natural resources from the Appalachian region once powered much of American industry but the area suffered an economic collapse in the late 1970s and 1980s. Now, the group ReImagine Appalachia plans to use worker cooperatives to take advantage of the transition to a new energy economy.

Wendy Patton, research director for ReImagine Appalachia, said it is an opportunity they could not pass up.

"There are new possibilities for the region and for companies in the region," Patton asserted. "Maybe a once-in-a-generation chance to explore how to anchor investments in the region and create the kind of wealth that doesn't come and go, but that is sustained through time."

Patton explained the worker co-ops will focus on sectors like renewable energy infrastructure, sustainable manufacturing and high-speed internet construction. She noted they will be structured with voluntary and open membership, democratic member control and employee economic participation.

Patton pointed out a report produced by the University of Massachusetts-Amherst said climate change will drive the renewable economy, and predicts co-ops could provide good jobs for more than 235,000 Ohioans every year for the next decade.

"Throughout Central Appalachia, that's served by ReImagine Appalachia, there are great technical assistance, training and financing centers, to which people can go," Patton outlined. "Here in Ohio, the Ohio Employee Ownership Center has, for 30 years, received state support and helps thousands of companies."

Patton notes that cooperatives have also been linked to improved labor productivity and other aspects of business performance, and enhanced job satisfaction.

A new survey of public company audit firms reveals businesses are concerned the upcoming election could affect their financial performance.

The Center for Audit Quality found more than 60% of roughly 1,200 audit partners surveyed worry about potential disruptions.

Julie Bell Lindsay, CEO of the center, said few companies are adjusting their business strategies.

"It suggests that while businesses expect some market turbulence and some uncertainty, they feel equipped to navigate through that," Lindsay explained.

Delta Air Lines recently said election-related uncertainty would affect its fourth-quarter revenue as consumers hold off on discretionary spending. Lindsay added geopolitical concerns also remain a top risk factor for businesses, as conflicts in Ukraine and the Middle East continue to affect the global economy.

Despite ongoing resilience, audit partners' outlook for the economy over the next year is only neutral, with most believing a recession is likely on the horizon. Lindsay noted audit partners are watching for potential indicators, including recent federal rate cuts, a possible government shutdown and a fluctuating labor market.

"They also continue to see that inflation could be an ongoing concern over the next twelve months," Lindsay reported. "I will say that the audit partners in our surveys have been pretty accurately predicting what inflation is going to do."

Lindsay emphasized top priorities for businesses in 2025 remain cost management, improved financial performance and growth. She said labor shortages are no longer a priority among economic risks as employers seek to upskill workers and increase compensation. Still, layoffs and decreasing workplace flexibility remain top strategies for companies to improve their bottom line.


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Despite Indiana's recent high-profile business deals, the state's economic fundamentals are lagging, with declining income and education levels posing significant challenges.

Experts argue deeper investments in education and infrastructure are needed for sustainable growth.

Michael Hicks, director of the Center for Business and Economic Research at Ball State University, noted some troubling figures.

"The share of adults with a college degree relative to the country having slipped," Hicks noted. "We see our per capita income relative to the country has slipped substantially, two percentage points, which is sort of a shocking three-decade change in two decades."

Although state officials pointed to low unemployment and rising capital investments as proof of success, Hicks contended without a focus on education and infrastructure, Indiana's long-term economic outlook remains uncertain.

State officials highlighted new projects such as a $3.2 million investment in Kokomo by Stellantis and Samsung SD designed to expand electric vehicle battery manufacturing operations in Indiana as signs of progress. However, Hicks warned the announcements do not address deeper economic issues.

"The numbers they're sharing are just measurements that they have working through IEDC (the Indiana Economic Development Corporation)," Hicks observed. "It has nothing to do with the actual amount of capital that's flowing into the state. That's lower than it has been in most years. So, there's nothing fabulous happening now that is anything other than a press release."

Hicks believes Indiana should prioritize education, environmental policies and regulatory improvements to create sustainable growth.


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Just as inflation starts to ease, Mississippi small businesses face another looming threat: the potential expiration of the small business deduction.

It is also called the Qualified Business Income deduction and if Congress does not renew it, it could affect nearly 266,000 small businesses in Mississippi, which employ more than 430,000 people.

Leah Long, Mississippi state director for the National Federation of Independent Business, said the Main Street Tax Certainty Act, which has bipartisan support, is set to expire in 2025. It is the law allowing small companies to deduct up to 20% of their qualified business income.

"It's a massive hit to their business, because they rely on that," Long stressed. "They're also facing issues like inflation, cost pressure and the uncertainty of the economy. So right now, the biggest focus is on that and getting the congressional members to sign on to support it, to reinstate it and make it permanent."

The Federation's August jobs report found 40% of small business owners had job openings they could not fill in August, up two percentage points from July.

Long pointed out if no action is taken by Congress, it would amount to a big tax hike for nine out of 10 small businesses nationwide, compromising their ability to grow and hire workers.

"When small businesses are doing well and they have more money, they're able to invest more into their business, they're available to best invest more into the economy and also in their communities," Long explained. "These small business owners are the ones that sponsor your kids' T-ball team."

She noted while measures like the Inflation Reduction Act have provided some aid, passing bills like the Main Street Tax Certainty Act will be crucial to support Mississippi business owners.


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