Two pieces of legislation in Connecticut could bolster public transportation if they make it through the General Assembly.
Senate Bill 277 would restore funding to Shore Line East to increase rail service. Ridership plummeted during the pandemic, though it's been growing modestly since then.
But as more people opt to work from home instead of commute, some question whether there's a need for more rail service.
Jay Stange, coordinator with the Transport Hartford Academy, said state investments can help transit lines attract the riders they need.
"Ridership on the Hartford Line, which has been supported by state investment, is up every year," said Stange. "We also are seeing huge increases on the Waterbury Line in Connecticut, where those service investments have been made. The bottom line is that if you don't have the service, you won't have the riders."
The 2023 budget cut funding for Shore Line East to 44% of what was required for pre-pandemic service.
The bill received wide support at a public hearing, but some residents don't agree that funding cuts cause low ridership.
Stange said restoring this funding would provide economic benefits through growing jobs and tourism.
Another bill incentivizes transit-oriented development.
House Bill 5390 would provide water and sewer funding for land-use planning and other developments, making it easier to build housing where transit and rail services exist.
Stange said it's time for the state to build better.
"Connecticut is starting to see," said Stange. "that the development pattern of the last 70 years - where we build new interstate to green-land development that's mostly single-family homes - is a money-losing proposition, in the long term."
Studies show transit-oriented development reduces air pollution and uses large plots of land to accommodate growing populations.
The bill faced opposition from communities concerned about the need for local control for developing these projects. The new version of the bill allows communities to "opt in" for these incentives instead.
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Two South Dakota cities scored well this year on a national ranking of livable communities.
In AARP's 2024 Livability Index, Pierre ranked 15th in small communities and Sioux Falls ranked 14th in the large community category. The platform scores towns based on indicators like housing, transportation, environment and health. Pierre and Sioux Falls scored highest in the "opportunity" and "engagement" categories.
Lindsey Holmquest, associate state director of community outreach for AARP South Dakota, said such qualities are often underestimated.
"The piece that is often overlooked is that social connection piece," Holmquest pointed out. "It's important for people to feel connected to their community, their neighborhood, their neighbors, their service providers. The people that make up a place are just as important as the infrastructure."
Holmquest noted the index could be a useful checklist for ensuring communities are welcome places for people of all ages. The "neighborhood" category, for example, considers access to grocery stores, parks, libraries and more.
Whether a town made the list, the ranking system could be useful for any community.
Steve Watson, partner at Teton Ridge Consulting, has helped communities across the state with development projects. He said city leaders, economic development organizations and city councils could all use the index.
"I think it would be a really good framework to help ensure that the policies they're creating, the investments they're making, the decisions they're making kind of tie back to these indicators," Watson outlined.
Watson used the Tatanka Trail as an example. The Fort Pierre project, currently in design, includes a pedestrian bridge, plaza, outdoor exhibits and a trail. The project has received federal funding through the American Rescue Plan.
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The Virginia Passenger Rail Authority is leading efforts to modernize and expand the state's passenger rail system, with significant projects underway to separate passenger and freight rail services.
DJ Stadtler, executive director of the authority, is touting what he hopes to be a game-changing effort to separate passenger and freight services and build state-owned rail infrastructure. He thinks current plans will lead to better on-time performance and increased reliability for both freight and passenger trains.
"We're purchasing a lot of the rail between Washington and really North Carolina, so we have dedicated passenger track, so only passenger trains will go on our track that we own," Stadtler explained. "The freight track traffic will stay on the freight lanes."
Virginia's rail modernization comes as part of a broader national effort. The Biden-Harris administration recently announced more than $1 billion in funding for passenger rail improvements and the Virginia Passenger Rail Authority is applying for more grants under the Federal-State Partnership for Intercity Passenger Rail Program, with applications due in December.
The rail authority's ambitious plans aim to make passenger rail a more attractive option for Virginians, with incremental improvements leading to a more comprehensive rail system by 2030. By 2027, Stadtler pointed out Virginians will also see the introduction of Amtrak's Airo equipment, modern train sets designed for improved energy efficiency and a better passenger experience.
"The engines are dual mode, so you'll be having the same engine in D.C. that's electric when you get there," Stadtler outlined. "Instead of taking that engine off the conductor, the engineer will just hit a button, the electric pantograph will go down, the diesel engine will light up: boom! And then we'll continue southbound, so it'll be a much smoother trip."
As part of the future vision, the number of daily round trips between Richmond and Washington, D.C. will increase from five to 13, with nearly hourly service by 2030. In August, Virginia officials approved a deal with Norfolk Southern to expand passenger rail services, extending trains from Roanoke to Christiansburg in the New River Valley.
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It is National Drive Electric Week and the Arizona Public Interest Research Group Education Fund wants to raise awareness about the benefits electric vehicles can offer.
Diane Brown, executive director of the group, said Arizona has experienced an uptick in EV sales over the last several years. As of September of this year, there are now close to 90,000 EVs registered in Arizona, according to the U-S Department of Energy.
Brown added Arizonans are taking advantage of available tax credits and incentives from government and utilities to make the switch and help improve air quality, thereby protecting public health but also saving them money.
"Arizona can continue to bolster policies that help make the opportunities for drivers to shift gears from gas-fueled built vehicles to driving electric," Brown urged.
Brown acknowledged Arizonans may be apprehensive about an EV. She added some of the biggest worries are driving range and charging infrastructure. To those on the fence, she said car manufacturers continue to improve range and the state is set to receive millions in federal dollars to improve charging infrastructure along interstate highways.
To learn more about tax credits and incentives, Brown encouraged people to visit savingenergytips.org.
Brown added Arizona's clean energy economy, which includes the EV sector, is rapidly expanding. Thousands of jobs are making their way to Arizona thanks to federal legislation, such as the Inflation Reduction Act and the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law. Brown emphasized everyone across Arizona wins.
"Municipalities, school districts and businesses are reaping financial benefits from transitioning their fleets to electric," Brown added.
Arizona is among the top 10 states with the most EV registrations.
Disclosure: Arizona PIRG Education Fund contributes to our fund for reporting on Civic Engagement, Consumer Issues, Energy Policy, Urban Planning/Transportation. If you would like to help support news in the public interest,
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